A frame theory encompassing general relativity and Newton–Cartan theory is reviewed. With its help, a definition is given for a one-parameter family of general relativistic spacetimes to have a Newton–Cartan or a Newtonian limit. Several examples of such limits are presented. PACS numbers: 0420, 0240, 0450

In this paper, a numerical method for integration of fuzzy functions is considered. Fuzzy Newton-Cotes formula, such as fuzzy trapezoidal method and fuzzy Simpson method are calculated by integration of fuzzy functions on two and three equally space points. Also the composite fuzzy trapezoidal and composite fuzzy Simpson method are proposed for n equally space points. The proposed method are il...

In recent years a number of authors have considered an error analysis for quadrature rules of Newton-Cotes type. In particular, the mid-point, trapezoid and Simpson rules have been investigated more recently ([2], [4], [5], [6], [11]) with the view of obtaining bounds on the quadrature rule in terms of a variety of norms involving, at most, the first derivative. In the mentioned papers explicit...

In the present work we have studied superconvergence of Hadamard finite-part integral. We have studied the second-order and the third-order quadrature formulae of Newton-Cotes type. We follow works [Sun, Wu, 2005b], [Lü, Wu, 2005] and work [Wu, Yu and Zhang, 2009] and introduce new rule which gives the same convergence rate as rules in [Lü and Wu, 2005] and [Wu, Yu and Zhang, 2009] but in more ...

The collocation method based on cubic B-spline, is developed to approximate the solution of second kind nonlinear Fredholm integral equations. First of all, we collocate the solution by B-spline collocation method then the Newton-Cotes formula use to approximate the integrand. Convergence analysis has been investigated and proved that the quadrature rule is third order convergent. The presented...

We present techniques for implicit solution of discontinuous Galerkin discretizations of the Navier-Stokes equations on parallel computers. While a block-Jacobi method is simple and straight-forward to parallelize, its convergence properties are poor except for simple problems. Therefore, we consider Newton-GMRES methods preconditioned with block-incomplete LU factorizations, with optimized ele...

We present a family of four-point quadrature rule, a generalization of Gauss-two point, Simpson’s 3/8, and Lobatto four-point quadrature rule for twice-differentiable mapping. Moreover, it is shown that the corresponding optimal quadrature formula presents better estimate in the context of four-point quadrature formulae of closed type. A unified treatment of error inequalities for different cla...

This article focuses on the process of approximating a definite integral from values of the integrand when exact mathematical integration is not available. This problem arises in statistics when marginal density functions or expected values of random variables are required. The article describes classical univariate quadrature methods including the trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, Newton-Cotes...