A simple formula for calculating daily nitrogen requirements and balance is presented. A close correlation was observed between calculated and actual nitrogen balance studies. For better precision a different correction factor is suggested for patients receiving protein hydrolysates and crystalline amino acid solutions. This formula will greatly aid those who have to devise complete intravenous...

Nitrogen is mainly lost from most Australian tropical savanna ecosystems via fire and replenished through symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The frequency and severity of bushfires in Australia, which are common and extensive in tropical savannas, are expected to increase under climate change. Thus the nitrogen loss from tropical savannas can be exacerbated. This research investigates how climate cha...

This paper has reviewed changes in body composition and protein metabolism that are associated with aging. Body protein mass decreases. Rates of both muscle and whole-body protein turnover/kg body weight decrease, and the percentage of turnover contributed by muscle to whole-body turnover decreases with age. Total plasma proteins, albumin, prealbumin, transferrin and ceruloplasmin levels declin...

Wasting of muscle and a negative nitrogen balance are obvious effects of malnutrition and have led to the use of anthropometric measurements and nitrogen balance for assessing the extent of malnutrition. A positive nitrogen balance and an increase in limb muscle circumference are believed to be indices of the beneficial effects of nutritional support. In experiments with growing rats and young ...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the intake and nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and ruminal ammonia nitrogen in lambs of diets containing different levels of residual frying oil. METHODS Levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 g/kg dry matter (DM) base of residual frying oil in the diets of lambs were evaluated. Five castrated lambs with initial body weights of 36.8±3.3 ...

BACKGROUND A sudden increase in exercise and energy expenditure is associated with an increase in protein turnover and nitrogen excretion. This study examined how a sudden increase in exercise-induced energy expenditure affected whole body protein metabolism and nitrogen balance in people of differing levels of aerobic fitness. We hypothesized that alterations in whole-body protein turnover wou...

Prednisone treatment causes protein wasting and adds additional risks to a patient, whereas human growth hormone (hGH) treatment causes positive nitrogen balance. To determine whether concomitant administration of hGH prevents the protein catabolic effects of prednisone, four groups of eight healthy volunteers each were studied using isotope dilution and nitrogen balance techniques after 7 d of...

After a previous 84-d performance phase, a study was conducted using 16 West African Dwarf (WAD) ewes. Ewes (Initial BW 17.5 ± 0.19kg) were used in a completely randomized design to study the effects of increasing level of Mexican sunflower leaf meal (MSLM) on nitrogen balance. The experimental animals were assigned to 4 treatment groups A (O%MSLM), B(15%MSLM), C (30%MSLM) and D (45%MSLM) of 4 ...

The amount of nitrogen gas (N2) available for microbial protein synthesis via nitrogen fixation in the rumen was estimated. Measurements were made of nitrogen fixation by ruminal ingesta from goats fed low protein rations for a prolonged period of time, and by ingesta from sheep fed high protein rations. Nitrogen fixation by rumen microorganisms incubated for 30 or 180 min in vitro was measured...

This prospective double blind randomised seven day crossover controlled clinical trial was carried out to determine whether enterally fed patients with moderately impaired gastrointestinal function require a predigested nitrogen (N) source compared with whole protein. Twelve malnourished patients with varying gastrointestinal abnormalities, who required enteral feeding, received 2.25 l of one o...