The intermediates of microbial transformation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by a mixed bacterial culture derived from activated sludge were identified as 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene, 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene, 2-nitroso-4-nitrotoluene, and 4-nitroso-2-nitrotoluene. The biotransformation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene occurred only under anaerobic conditions with an exogenous carbon source. The two nitroso compounds wer...

The definitions of the chemical classes in Cohort Concern (CoC) by Kroes and co-workers are based on broad structural alerts, particular for N-nitroso compounds?for which alert consists essentially N–N?O substructure without further refinement. Recent pharmaceutical recalls have focused presence dialkyl N-nitrosamine impurities, some exceptionally potent carcinogens?2 orders magnitude more than...

The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of N-nitrosomethyl-benzylamine, N-nitroso[methyl-14C]benzylamine, and N-nitrosomethyl[benzyl-7-14C]amine were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and a major urinary metabolite was identified. N-Nitrosomethylbenzylamine (4.7 mg/kg body weight i.p.) was distributed throughout extracellular water and cleared from the whole blood by metabolism with a half-life ...

Subsurface contamination with the explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) at ordnance production and testing sites is a problem because of persistence, mobility, toxicity RDX formation toxic products under anoxic conditions. While utility compound-specific isotope analysis for inferring natural attenuation pathways from stable ratios has been demonstrated, fractionation reductio...

N-Nitroso-N-oxybenzenamine ammonium salts with -OMe, -Me, -H, -F, -Cl, -CF3, and -SO2Me substituents at the para position of the phenyl ring constitute a new class of-redox sensitive nitric oxide (NO) releasing compounds. These compounds yield nitric oxide and the corresponding nitrosobenzene derivatives by a spontaneous dissociation mechanism after undergoing a one electron oxidation. Oxidatio...

Selective mutagenicity was studied in Drosophila for 2 groups of carcinogenic chemical series with divergent intrinsic reactivities towards cellular macromolecules: (a) the reactive alkylating and nitroso compounds; and (b) the nonreactive polycyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, and azo dyes. Genetic activity with each compound was examined with respect to the specific effects on the RNA-form...

Selective mutagenicity was studied in Drosophila for 2 groups of carcinogenic chemical series with divergent intrinsic reactivities towards cellular macromolecules: (a) the reactive alkylating and nitroso compounds; and (b) the nonreactive polycyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, and azo dyes. Genetic activity with each compound was examined with respect to the specific effects on the RNA-form...