To the Editor: The use of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists to decrease opioid side effects, potentiate opioid actions, and decrease the development of tolerance has been a topic of substantial interest over the last decade. The pioneering work by Trujillo and Akil suggested that tolerance to opioids could be prevented by the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801.1 Subs...

Opioids, the wonderful analgesics, remain the mainstay in the clinical management of moderate to severe pain. However, development of analgesic tolerance and increase in pain sensitivity are some of the major concerns following opioid treatment. Studies suggest that NMDA receptor-mediated intracellular events play a role in mediating these effects. Moreover, NMDA receptor antagonists effectivel...

We investigated the effects of pretreatment with low-affinity, uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists on morphine-induced antinociception in rats using the same intensity of thermal stimulus applied to the tail and the paws. Similar baseline responses to thermal stimuli of the same intensity were recorded from tails and hind paws. However, morphine produced equal antinociception from the tail ...

anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-nmdar) encephalitis is is most common form ofimmune-mediated encephalitis with prominent neurologic and psychiatric features at disease onset. we describe a 16 years old patient who presented with fever and status epilepticus. his mri sequences was normal. anti-nmdar antibodies were detected in the csf.  mri, ct and other studies didn,t show any tumor.

The interaction between uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists (memantine and ketamine), and morphine (mu-opioid receptor agonist) and pentazocine (kappa-opioid receptor agonist) was studied in the writhing test in mice. Memantine and ketamine, administered at subthreshold doses, potentiated antinociceptive effect of the threshold (1 mg/kg) dose of morphine. The effects of the threshold (6 mg/...

NMDA receptors within the amygdala play an important role in the acquisition and expression of conditioned fear. Because amygdaloid injections of NMDA receptor antagonists did not block the expression of every behavioral sign of fear, a discussion arose as to whether amygdaloid NMDA receptors play different roles in different kinds of fear-conditioning tasks. To clarify the exact role of amygda...

It has been suggested that NR2B-containing NMDA receptors have a selective tendency to promote pro-death signalling and synaptic depression, compared to the survival promoting, synapse potentiating properties of NR2A-containing NMDA receptors. A preferential localization of NR2A-containing NMDA receptors at the synapse in maturing neurons could thus explain differences in synaptic vs. extrasyna...

Enantiopure tryptophanol is easily obtained from the reduction of its parent natural amino acid trypthophan (available from the chiral pool), and can be used as chiral auxiliary/inductor to control the stereochemical course of a diastereoselective reaction. Furthermore, enantiopure tryptophanol is useful for the syntheses of natural products or biological active molecules containing the aminoal...

Currently, treatment with the relatively low-affinity NMDA receptor antagonist memantine provides limited benefit in Alzheimer's disease (AD). One probable dose-limiting factor in the use of memantine is the inhibition of NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity mechanisms believed to underlie certain forms of memory. Moreover, amyloid-beta protein (Abeta) oligomers that are implicated in ca...