The use of vanadium (III) has been proposed recently as a suitable alternative to cadmium for the reduction of NO3 to NO2 during spectrophotometric analysis. However, the methods proposed suffer from decreased sensitivity and additional steps for the measurements of nitrite and nitrate. We have developed an improved fast and sequential protocol that permits the determination of low concentratio...

The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) allows to retrieve tropospheric vertical column densities (TVCDs) of NO2. Mean maps of the global distribution of NO2 TVCDs reveal a clear fingerprint of anthropogenic sources due to fossil fuel combustion. However, GOME data suffer from the rather large footprint size of 320 km east-west, leading to a smearing out of the NO2 peaks in the retrieved ...

AIMS To investigate whether infants who died of SIDS were more likely to have higher acute and lifetime average exposures to outdoor carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) than comparison healthy infants. METHODS A total of 169 case and 169 matched control infants born between 1988 and 1992, were studied. CO and NO2 concentrations, averaged for all days within the infant's lifespan, ...

BACKGROUND Traffic noise has been associated with prevalence of hypertension, but reports are inconsistent for blood pressure (BP). To ascertain noise effects and to disentangle them from those suspected to be from traffic-related air pollution, it may be essential to estimate people's noise exposure indoors in bedrooms. OBJECTIVES We analyzed associations between long-term exposure to indoor...

Nitronyl nitroxides, such as derivatives of 2-phenyl4,4,5,5,-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (PTIOs), react with NO to form the corresponding imino nitroxides (PTIs) and NO2. PTIOs are considered as monitors of NO, stoichiometric sources of NO2, biochemical and physiological effectors, specific tools for the elimination of NO, and potential therapeutic agents. However, a better understand...

We report on MAX-DOAS observations of NO2 over an oasis–ecotone–desert ecosystem in NW China. There, local ambient NO2 concentrations originate from enhanced biogenic NO emission of intensively managed soils. Our target oasis “Milan” is located at the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, very remote and well isolated from other potential anthropogenic and biogenic NOx sources. Four observati...

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: This effort has been sponsored by Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA), under contract No. MDA972-88-C-0047 for DARPA Initiative in Concurrent Engineering (DICE).

The negative relationship between stock market P/E ratios and government bond yields seems to have become conventional wisdom among practitioners. Both limited empirical evidence and a misleading suggestion that the model originated in the Fed are used to support the model's plausibility. This article argues that the Fed model is flawed from a theoretical standpoint and reports evidence from 20...

[1] During the 2008 Olympic and Paralympic Games in Beijing (from 8 August to 17 September), local authorities enforced strong measures to reduce air pollution during the events. To evaluate the direct effect of these measures, we use the tropospheric NO2 column observations from the satellite instruments GOME-2 and OMI. We interpret these data against simulations from the regional chemistry tr...

Introduction: Due to the health effects caused by airborne pollutants in urban areas, forecasting of air quality parameters is one of the most important topics of air quality research. During recent years, statistical models based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been increasingly applied and evaluated for forecasting of air quality. Methods: The development of ANN and multiple linear ...