Oil is one of the main inputs demanded by production, heating and transportation sectors in many developed developing countries. In countries where rate industrialization growth high, dependence on oil constantly increasing. Factors such as fact that large reserves are located certain regions world, differences extraction costs, supply demand imbalances cause prices to fluctuate.
 The macr...

This study examined the effects of trade liberalization and exchange rate changes on carbohydrate staples in Nigeria. Secondary data published from 1974 to 2006 on cassava exports and rice imports as well as non-tradable carbohydrate staples were used. It was hypothesized that exchange rate changes and trade liberalization via price relatives, trade intensity and nominal protection coefficient ...

This paper develops a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium portfolio balance model that accomplishes two objectives. First, it describes a realistic environment in which a central bank can choose an interest rate path independently of the desired path of its nominal anchor. Second, it suggests an explanation for the high average currency risk premia in emerging market interest rates. Our conc...

This paper uses a Threshold Autoregressive (TAR) model with exogenous variables to explain a change in regime in Brazilian nominal interest rates. By using an indicator of currency crises the model tries to explain the difference in the dynamics of nominal interest rates during and out of a currency crises. The paper then compares the performance of the nonlinear model to a modified Taylor Rule...

The objective of this work is to present the structure and first simulation results of a post-keynesian macro-dynamic model for an industrialized and small open economy with floating exchange rates, imperfect mobility of capital, exports concentrated in primary goods, inflation target regime and two sectors. The model to be presented integrates both the real and financial aspects of post-keynes...

The article presents an assessment of the factors influencing balanced foreign trade ratio economic relations on basis author’s methodological approach example Republic Azerbaijan. relevance study is due to importance optimizing policy through econometric affecting balance ratio. aim form a model level development in conditions uncertainty. author uses entropy, statistical and methods , includi...

Fiscal considerations and commitment drive the choice of monetary policy regime, especially for developing countries. I survey the fiscal foundations of price determination, and study the maximize-inflation-tax, interest rate rule, peg and currency board, and dollarization regime. Since nominal debt acts like equity for the government, the dollarization question is like the question whether a f...

Like many other countries, aggregate consumption constitutes a major portion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Pakistan. Consumption decisions determine savings decisions. In long term growth literature, differences in long term growth had been explained to a large extent by differences in the rate of savings which also determine a country’s investment in productive capacity, developing human ...

This paper investigates the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the value of nonfinancial firms in Chile. Using a detailed dataset on firms’ foreign activities, the potential determinants of the identified exposure are examined. Foreign exchange exposure depends on the levels of foreign currency debt and foreign currency assets. Levels of tradeables (exports and imports) do not explain expo...