Previous works have extensively studied the transferability of adversarial samples in untargeted black-box scenarios. However, it still remains challenging to craft targeted examples with higher than non-targeted ones. Recent studies reveal that traditional Cross-Entropy (CE) loss function is insufficient learn transferable due issue vanishing gradient. In this work, we provide a comprehensive ...

We estimate random-parameter logit models of anglers' choice of fishing site. The models generalize logit by allowing coefficients to vary randomly over anglers rather than being fixed. The models do not exhibit the restrictive "independence from irrelevant alternatives property" of logit and can represent any substitution pattern. Estimation explicitly accounts for the fact that the variation ...

The nested logit model has been used extensively to model multi-dimensional choice situations. A drawback of the nested logit model is that it does not allow choice alternatives to share common unobserved attributes along all the dimensions characterizing the multi-dimensional choice context. This paper formulates a mixed multinomial logit structure that accommodates unobserved correlation acro...

The paper deals with the competitive effects of price guarantees in a spatial duopoly where consumers can search for lower prices but have to incur hassle costs if they want to claim a price guarantee. It is shown that symmetric equilibria with and without price guarantees exist but price guarantees will have no effect on prices if search costs are low, hassle costs are high and the number of u...

As shown by Guimaraes, Figueiredo and Woodward (2003), a particular class of conditional logit models yield identical parameter estimates to a Poisson count data model. In Schmidheiny and Brülhart (2011), we have pointed out that the conditional logit model and the Poisson model can be seen as polar cases of a continuum of intermediate cases which emerge from a random utility nested logit model...

One of the main criticisms to game theory concerns the assumption of full rationality. Logit dynamics is a decentralized algorithm in which a level of irrationality (a.k.a. “noise”) is introduced in players’ behavior. In this context, the solution concept of interest becomes the logit equilibrium, as opposed to Nash equilibria. Logit equilibria are distributions over strategy profiles that poss...

We estimate random-parameter logit models of anglers ' choice of fishing site. The models generalize logit by allowing coefficients to vary randomly over anglers rather than being fixed. The models do not exhIbit the restrictive "independence from irrelevant alternatives property of logit and can represent any substitution pattern. Estimation explicitly accounts for the fact that the variation ...

The spatial model has been in use in political science for close to 30 years, and in that period it has achieved a place of prime importance as our paradigm of the process of candidatechoice used by voters. For much of this time political scientists have estimated models of candidatechoice using binary logit or probit, even in cases where there were more than two choices facing voters. Recently...