Available online 5 April 2012

due to the abundance of the non-coking coal and limitations as well as the high costs of the natural gas, the presentstudy examined the direct reduction of hematite (iron oxide) ore in the temperature range of 800-1000 °c by thenon-coking coal volatiles. approximately, 74.9% of the total amounts of volatiles and gases exit the coal up to800°c. the onset temperature to exit volatiles from the no...

In the present study, the microstructural changes of a Nickel based superalloy Nimonic80A during a non-isothermal deformation were studied. Therefore, microstructure evolutionduring hot side pressing test was predicted with combined methods of finite element analysis andprocessing map of the material. The predicted results were validated through experimentalmicrostructural studies. The results ...

in this paper, turbulent mixed convective heat transfer of water and al2o3 nanofluid has been numerically studied in a horizontal tube under non-uniform heat flux on the upper wall and insulation in the lower wall using mixture model. for the discretization of governing equations, the second-order upstream difference scheme and finite volume method were used. the coupling of pressure and veloci...

The motion of temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity of steady incompressible laminar free convective (MHD) non-Newtonian Casson fluid flow over an exponentially stretching surface embedded in a thermally stratified medium are investigated. It is assumed that natural convection is induced by buoyancy and exponentially decaying internal heat generation across the space. The dim...

this paper presents a three-dimensional numerical investigation carried out in turbulent forced convection in a tube with helical ribs. enhancement of heat transfer using helically corrugated tubes has beenstudied experimentally by many researchers but there exist a few published numerical analyses results. the paper also introduces the results of heat transfer and friction factor data for inco...

This study is about the non-uniform electric field for splitting of water in oil emulsion. If the process occurs in an inhomogeneous electrical field, the drops are polarized and then their mobility is increased. The emulsion drops will be charged and move toward the central point of splitter where the maximum intensity of electrical field has been concentrated. In this process, the drops encou...

In light of a local thermal non-equilibrium model, fully developed forced convection in an annulus filled with a porous medium is treated to elucidate its exact temperature solutions for both fluid and solid phases. In this study, the plug-flow approximation is assumed since Darcian velocity over the cross-section is uniform except in a small region very close to the walls. The inner wall is he...

The monolithic catalytic converter is still the main pollution control device for modern vehicles in order to reach the ever-increasing legislative demands for low emission standards. The catalytic converters require a large expansion from the exhaust pipe to the front face of the monolith. Unfortunately, packaging constraints often do not permit the use of long diffusers. Hence, flow separa...

a numerical model is developed to simulate the transport phenomena in the flow channel between parallel plates with porous and non-porous (or impermeable) walls. the continuity and momentum equations were solved first, assuming the wall reynolds number in the range of with the suction or injection of air at a speed equal to the uniform inlet velocity. the results show that at constant inlet and...