Fail-stop signature (FSS) schemes protect a signer against a forger with unlimited computational power by enabling the signer to provide a proof of forgery, if it occurs. A decade after its invention, there have been several FSS schemes proposed in the literature. Nonetheless, the notion of short FSS scheme has not been addressed yet. Furthermore, the short size in signature schemes has been do...

This article asses what is known and what remains to be understood about problem-solving courts. Specifically, the article asserts that drug courts serve a needy population, court mandated treatment programs have higher retention rates, those who participate longer have better outcomes, those in drug courts had lower rates of recidivism, drug use, and that graduated sanctions have statistically...

We have previously reported that the CD8+ T cell response elicited by recombinant adenovirus vaccination displayed a delayed contraction in the spleen. In our current study, we demonstrate that this unusual kinetic is a general phenomenon observed in multiple tissues. Phenotypic analysis of transgene-specific CD8+ T cells present 30 days postimmunization with recombinant adenovirus revealed a p...

Null hypothesis testing is a foundational stone of statistical analysis. The “p-value” has evolved to play critical role in testing. Nonetheless, use p-values carries with it some c...

Solitary bone plasmacytoma belongs to a group of lymphoproliferative clinical disorders typified by clonal proliferation of plasma cells. Solitary plasmacytoma typically involves a single bone or extramedullary site. It commonly occurs in the vertebrae or thorax, and rarely involves the mandible. The aim of this report is to present a rare case of solitary plasmacytoma of the jaws mimicking per...

auctions have been as a competitive method of buying and selling valuable or rare items for a long time. single-sided auctions in which participants negotiate on a single attribute (e.g. price) are very popular. double auctions and negotiation on multiple attributes create more advantages compared to single-sided and single-attribute auctions. nonetheless, this adds the complexity of the auctio...

this research seeks to study the impact of pan-turkist ideology on central asia. the collapse of the soviet :union: and independence of the central asian and caucasian states once again revitalized hopes among the pan-turkist theoreticians and strategists who were hopeless about the implementation of their project of establishing a turkic empire in the southern parts of the soviet :union:. cons...

articles in general and definite articles in particular can create problems even long after all other aspects of english have been mastered. the present article investigated the learnability problems related to the acquisition of count-mass distinction of english nominals by persian l2 learners. the theoretical underpinning of the study is the interpretability hypothesis (tsimpli & dimitrak...

contrary to president obama’s stated position in november 2009, it is presumed here that the islamic republic intentionally procrastinates normalization of its foreign policy towards the u.s. this intentional delay is due to mutual mistrust existing between the two states. nonetheless, the islamic republic is determined to avoid further confrontation with the u.s. in this respect, the islamic r...

Conjunctival choristoma presents as a painless epibulbar mass comprising epidermal and dermal tissues. Histopathological evidence helps to establish the diagnosis. The tumor manifests in childhood, nonetheless, it may also be seen adolescents.