1 Introduction It has long been observed that adult speakers have considerable difficulty recognizing nonnative allophones which correspond to a single phoneme or phonetic category in their own languages (as first reported by Lado 1957, followed up experimentally by Eckman et al. 2003). In support of these findings, event-related brain potential (ERP) studies exhibited different mismatch negati...

background and purpose: the fact that who is more qualified to teach the emp (english for medical purposes) courses has long been the cause of argument between the heads of language departments (lds) on one side and those of discipline-specific departments(dsds) on the other side. this research was conducted to study the views of both sides as well as those of students in some emp english class...

In a series of two experiments, we examined 5-year-old children’s motivations for learning new conventional actions. Children watched two teachers open a novel container; the teachers differed in the nonfunctional, conventional actions they used in the process. In Experiment 1, one teacher spoke with a native accent and the other spoke with a nonnative accent. Children showed a preference for f...

abstract literature review indicates that an effective and good teacher has an important role in students' performances and their success. pivotal roles of teachers may affect students’ attitudes and motivations to language learning. improving the field of foreign language teaching and learning without improving the qualities of efl teachers seems impossible. this attempt, at first hand, r...

this study had two main steps. the first one was introducing and examining the long’s model of needs analysis (na) for distinguishing the general language needs. by doing the first step, we tried to recognize the shortages of long’s model, in the second step to realize the general language needs of persian language learners and find out what language functions are needed to be learned for gener...

We examined infants’ sensitivity to articulatory organ congruency between audio-only and silent-video consonants (lip vs. tongue tip closure) to evaluate three theoretical accounts of audio-visual perceptual development for speech: 1) learned audio-visual associations; 2) intersensory perceptual narrowing; 3) amodal perception of articulatory gestures. Effects of language experience were invest...

Professional development and professional identity of English language teachers have usually been explored separately in the research agenda. However, there might be a nexus of relationships between professional identity and professional development in the context of English language teaching. This study, therefore, explored how professional identity might contribute to professional development...