This paper focuses on the comparison of different glycerol reforming technologies aimed to hydrogen and syngas production. The reactions of steam reforming, partial oxidation, autothermal reforming, dry reforming and supercritical water gasification were analyzed. For this, the Gibbs energy minimization approach was used in combination with the virial Equation of state. The validation of the mo...

This work initially focuses on developing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of an industrialscale steam methane reforming reactor (reforming tube) used to produce hydrogen. Subsequently, we design and evaluate three different feedback control schemes to drive the area-weighted average hydrogen mole fraction measured at the reforming tube outlet ( x̄H outlet 2 ) to a desired set-point va...

Due to the feasibility of ethanol production in the United States, ethanol has become more attractive as a fuel source and a possible energy carrier within the hydrogen economy. Ethanol can be stored easily in liquid form, and can be internally pre-formed prior to usage in low temperature (200 o C – 400 o C) solid acid and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. However, complete electrochemic...

The thermal valorization of glycerol to produce synthesis gas has been investigated under conventional and microwave heating systems. Different processes (pyrolysis, steam reforming and dry reforming) are compared, using a commercial activated carbon as catalyst. The reforming processes that employ oxidizing agents (CO2 or H2O) were found to promote higher glycerol conversions than mere termal ...

In the context of the search for gasoline surrogates for kinetic modeling purpose, this paper describes a new model for the low-temperature auto-ignition of n-heptane/iso-octane/hexene/toluene blends for the different linear isomers of hexene. The model simulates satisfactory experimental results obtained in a rapid compression machine for temperatures ranging from 650 to 850 K in the case of b...

Experiments of propane and propene steam reforming have been performed over a Pd–Cu/c-Al2O3 catalyst and over a Ni/NiAl2O4 catalyst. Over the palladium-based catalyst, the steam reforming of propene is faster and more selective than steam reforming of propane. Over the Pd catalyst, the steam reforming of propane is likely inhibited by site poisoning. In contrast, over Ni-based catalyst the refo...

In the title molecular salt, C(7)H(20)N(2) (2+)·2NO(3) (-), the crystal structure exhibits an unusual back-to-back paired double-stacked packing arrangement culminating in an overall double zigzag pattern of the dications. The nitrate anions form a ring around one pair of double-stacked dications. An intricate three-dimensional N-H⋯O and N-H⋯(O,O) hydrogen-bonding network exists in the crystal ...

Although there have been many studies of n-heptane ignition, few studies have provided detailed insights into the low-temperature chemistry of n-heptane—a primary reference fuel— through direct measurements of intermediate species formed during ignition. Such measurements provide understanding of reaction pathways that form toxic air pollutants, greenhouse gas emissions, and particulates such a...

Environmental considerations will probably change automobile fuels from gasoline and gas-oil to hydrogen (as fuel cell) in the future. Problems of fossil fuels include producing gaseous pollutants, such as NOx, CO, and even SO2 (from incomplete-hydrotreated fuels), which need catalytic converters and greenhouse gas emission (such as CO2, CH4, N2O) from the exhaust with a drastic effect on globa...

This paper focuses on the reaction zone and soot emission characteristics of swirl spray flames iso-pentanol blends. OH planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements were used to study lift-off local extinction features. Soot was investigated using time-resolved two-colour incandescence (2C-LII) diagnostic technique. Fuels in this n-heptane, iso-pentanol, ethanol blends n-heptane/iso-pe...