Objective: The purpose of this study was to achieve a specific cephalometric pattern for young Afro-Caucasian Brazilian individuals and verify the presence of dimorphism between sexes. Methods: The sample was composed of 40 lateral cephalograms of young Afro-Caucasian Brazilian individuals (mulattos), 20 males (mean age 13.25 years) and 20 females (mean age 13.10 years), with normal occlusion a...

In this chapter I argue that there are four modes of ethno-somatic stratification in Europe and the Americas: the North American mode of binary mobilization, the Afro-Caribbean mode of pluralistic underdevelopment, the North European mode of proletarian incorporation, and the Latin mode of hegemonic blanqueamiento or whitening.1 Each mode refers to a unique configuration of ethno-racial ideolog...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous work on the pantropical genus Ixora has revealed an Afro-Madagascan clade, but as yet no study has focused in detail on the evolutionary history and morphological trends in this group. Here the evolutionary history of Afro-Madagascan Ixora spp. (a clade of approx. 80 taxa) is investigated and the phylogenetic trees compared with several key morphological traits in t...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Asymptomatic residents of tropical countries have differences in small intestinal morphology and permeability compared with residents of temperate zones. The aim of this study was to investigate small intestinal permeability and morphology in three ethnic groups resident in Birmingham, UK. METHODS 28 white patients, 101 Indian (Indian subcontinent), and 49 Afro-Caribbean adult...

AIM To study the efficacy and safety of intraoperative 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in Afro-Caribbean patients. METHODS The results of trabeculectomy in 18 eyes of 18 Afro-Caribbean patients in whom a sponge soaked in 25 mg/ml solution of 5-FU was applied between Tenon's capsule and sclera for 5 minutes before excision of the trabecula were compared with 16 eyes of 16 Afro-Caribbean patients matched...

INTRODUCTION The cytolysis mediated by granules is one of the most important effector functions of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Recently, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified at exons 2, 3, and 5 of the granzyme B gene, resulting in a haplotype in which three amino acids of mature protein Q48P88Y245 are changed to R48A88H245, which leads to loss of c...

In this study, the seismic inter-story drift of structures is estimated by a combination of mode-acceleration equations with the modelling of high-rise buildings with flexural and shear cantilever beams. In the equation presented for calculating the inter-story drift, having less knowledge of the building is adequate and this issue is of significance in estimating the nonstructural component fo...

A brief analysis on the distribution range of some of the species dominating in the arid and extra arid regions of North Africa and Arabian Peninsula is presented. These species are belonging to three phytogeographical categories namely: Saharo-Sindian, Sudano-Deccanian and Tropical African-Indian elements. Species included for this study are either disjunct or they have a wider distribution, s...

erosion by wind is one of the most important factors in desert environment. prevailing winds can shift sand dunes and affect their accumulation. also, wind regime determines the direction of sand dune mobility. the aim of this research was to investigate sand drift potential using sand movement models. for this research, wind data between 1986 and 2005 from the meteorological station of yazd we...

OBJECTIVE Two polymorphisms in the promoter region of the gene encoding cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1A1), ALDH1A1*2 and ALDH1A1*3, have recently been identified. The present study sought to determine whether an association exists between ALDH1A1 genotypes, alcohol dependence, drinking history, and liver function tests in the two major ethnic groups of Trinidad and Tobago (TT). METHO...