With age, there is a decline in both the quantity and quality of the pool of follicles and oocytes. Linear extrapolation of follicular depletion in women with regular menses predicts that, by 50 years of age, each ovary would contain 2500 to 4000 primordial follicles. Because the menopausal ovary is largely devoid of follicles, follicular depletion apparently accelerates in the last decade of r...

Fibroadenomas are benign breast tumors that arise in young women. Histological examination of these lesions usually reveals lobular hyperplasia. Known risk factors for breast cancer, such as early age of menarche or nulliparity, do not increase the risk of fibroadenomas. The diagnosis of fibroadenomas is based on the physical finding of a mobile, non-tender breast mass, that is slightly hypoech...

The primary cause for this high mortality rate is the failure to detect ovarian cancer at an initial stage. Difficulties in early detection are associated with the absence of effective population screening methods and specific signs and symptoms characteristic for initial stages of disease [23-27]. The risk of developing ovarian cancer increases with age; other risk factors include inflammation...

This is a retrospective observational study of outcome of 11 cases of vaginal hysterectomy for undescended and enlarged uterus carried in University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. The cases included relative contraindications such as 14 weeks size fibroids, severe obesity, previous Caesarean section and nulliparity. All the eight patients agreeable for prophylactic bilateral salpingoophorectomy had th...

Dysmenorrhea is one of the leading cause recurrent short term school absence in adolescent girls and common problem women reproductive age. Risk factors for dysmenorrhea include nulliparity, heavy menstrual flow, smoking depression. In primary there no macroscopically identifiable pelvic pathology, while secondary gross pathology present structures. pain supra pubic spasmodic, associated sympto...

OBJECTIVE To quantify the impact of labor induction and maternal age on cesarean delivery rates in nulliparous and multiparous women between 36 and 42 weeks' gestation. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study on 14,409 women delivering at two teaching hospitals in metropolitan Boston during 1998 and 1999. Women who had contraindications to labor, including a prior cesarean delivery,...

BACKGROUND Few studies have examined in depth the labor progression of multiparas to determine if there is any additional impact of being parous beyond the first birth. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of parity on labor progression in contemporary obstetric practice. METHODS Our sample consisted of all low-risk women who delivered a term, live-born infant from January ...

Available data show that women tend to overestimate their risk of developing breast cancer. Available models allow for the rapid identification of women who are at increased risk for breast cancer, along with a quantitative estimate of their probability of developing breast cancer over a period of years or by a certain age. Important risk factors include age; family history of breast cancer in ...

To determine whether allomaternal care occurs among bottlenose dolphins, we examined patterns of association and mother-infant separations for eight infants (164.4 focal h) during the first 3 months of life. During the first week of life, three inexperienced females (nullipara and mothers of infants that did not survive the newborn period) attempted to take infants from their mothers 13 times. ...

OBJECTIVE to compare labour complications, after an uncomplicated pregnancy, of first births in women 35 years and older with women 20-30 years old. DESIGN an explorative prospective cohort study. SETTING four independent midwives' practices in Amsterdam. PARTICIPANTS a group of 49 elderly nulliparae was compared with a group of 99 younger nulliparae. MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS percentag...