Introduction: Two main theories of gully formation on Mars exist depending on the source of water. One holds that water was released from the subsurface [1]. The other proposes that water is deposited as nearsurface ice or snow from the atmosphere and is subsequently melted by insolation [2-4]. In this paper we applied fractal theory to study a gully's head alcove in different orientations of a...

-This paper presents an investigation of comminution mechanisms and microstructure development within simulated fault gouge. We sheared 4.0 mm thick layers of quartz sand between rough steel surfaces using a triaxial apparatus. The layers were sheared at constant effective normal stress of 100 MPa, under saturated drained conditions, and at 45 ° to the axis of cylindrical steel samples. Porosit...

Fractals can model many classes of time-seri" data. The fractal dimension is an important actertsfic of ftaqo& that coniai, c information . out their geometrical structure at multiple Ntod re a b g ms i l d h ti BC m h d t c s, : s a ass of CJJ4 ent proac ox-coun n ( } et over 1 g c es, e.g., o , o estimate the fractal-dimension. Jr. this paper, the d rential box-counting (DBC) approach, origin...

We study the Gierer-Meinhardt model of reaction-diffusion on a site-disordered square lattice. Let p be the site occupation probability of the square lattice. For p greater than a critical value pc, the steady state consists of stripe-like patterns with long-range connectivity. For p < pc, the connectivity is lost. The value of pc is found to be much greater than that of the site percolation th...

Aerial photography was conducted in the high Arctic Ocean during a Chinese research expedition in summer 2010. By partitioning the images into three distinct surface categories (sea ice/ snow, water and melt ponds), the areal fraction of each category, ice concentration and the size and geometry of individual melt ponds, are determined with high-spatial resolution. The ice concentration and mel...

able information on relationships between size—expressed in terms of diameter and dry biomass—and hydraulic efficiency of woody structures at different scales, from stem segments to whole trees. Three data sets were constructed: the first described the relationship between segment diameter and hydraulic conductivity (kh; kg m s –1 MPa) in four species; the second, for the same four species, des...

We study an inhomogeneous sandpile model in which two different toppling rules are defined. For any site only one rule is applied corresponding to either the Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld model [P. Bak, C. Tang, and K. Wiesenfeld, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 381 (1987)] or the Manna two-state sandpile model [S. S. Manna, J. Phys. A 24, L363 (1991)]. A parameter c is introduced which describes a density of...

The Sierpinski triangle is a fractal that is commonly used due to some of its characteristics and features. The Forex financial market is among the places wherein this trianglechr('39')s characteristics are effective in forecasting the prices and their direction changes for the selection of the proper trading strategy and risk reduction. This study presents a novel approach to the Sierpinski tr...

In this article, we demonstrate how the Binomial Theorem in turn arises from a one-parameter generalization of the Sierpinski triangle. The connection between them is given by the sum-of-digits function, s(k), defined as the sum of the digits in the binary representation of k (see [1]). For example, s(3) = s(1·2+1·2) = 2. Towards this end, we begin with a well-known matrix formulation of Sierpi...

As a new modeling procedure of geothermal energy extraction systems, the authors present two dimensional and three dimensional modeling techniques of subsurface fracture network, based on fractal geometry. Fluid flow in fractured rock occurs primarily through a connected network of discrete fractures. The fracture network approach, therefore, seeks to model fluid flow and heat transfer through ...