We distinguish standard settlements, in which the status quo is preserved, and injunctive settlements, which prohibit the defendant’s activity. The reverse (payment) settlement is a special type of injunctive settlement. We examine the divergence between private and social incentives to settle and policies that would minimize socially undesirable injunctive and reverse settlements (e.g., bannin...

in this paper, the reduced dierential transform method is investigated fora nonlinear partial dierential equation modeling nematic liquid crystals, itis called the hunter-saxton equation. the main advantage of this methodis that it can be applied directly to nonlinear dierential equations withoutrequiring linearization, discretization, or perturbation. it is a semi analytical-numerical metho...

most of river engineering problems are complicated and need to be analyzed by three dimensional models of flow and sediment transport. considering the fact that computers and numerical methods with great ability of flow and sediment transport simulation are developing quickly, using numerical modeling by engineers is inevitable. nevertheless, before application, numerical models need to be veri...

Glossary Burgess Model Developed by Ernest W. Burgess in 1925, this modeled the urban social structure of industrialized cities based on the case of Chicago. The model consisted of a series of concentric rings around the central business district, with working-class populations living near the center where industries were located, and middle-class households living further out from the center. ...

most of the earth's crust contains fluids, and fractures are common throughout the upper part. they exist at a wide range of scales from micro-fractures within grains to major faults and shear zones that traverse the crust. in this paper, the stress-dependent permeability in fractured rock masses have been investigated considering the effects of nonlinear normal deformation and shear dilation o...

Detailed analysis of continuous time-series data from regions undergoing rapid urbanization can accurately reveal spatial variations on short time scales. This study used the city of Changchun in Jilin Province, China, as a case study to analyze total and annual changes in area—especially decreases in rural settlement area—as well as regional differences in these changes and driving forces of r...

[1] The Thurwieser landslide that occurred in Italy in 2004 and the seismic waves it generated have been simulated and compared to the seismic signal recorded a few tens of kilometers from the landslide source (i.e., landquake). The main features of the low frequency seismic signal are reproduced by the simulation. Topography effects on the flowing mass have a major impact on the generated seis...

"Ekistics starts with the premise that human settlements are susceptible of systematic investigation". Constantinos A. Doxiadis SYNOPSIS: In order to create the cities of the future, we need to systematically develop a science of human settlements. This science, termed Ekistics, will take into consideration the principles man takes into account when building his settlements, as well as the evol...

Three-dimensional finite difference calculations are proposed to investigate the influence of operation parameters shield machines during twin stacked tunnel excavation on surface settlements. The numerical model is validated by experimental data obtained from Hochiminh’s metro line 1 project, used as a reference case in this study. parametric study focuses face support pressure, grouting and sh...