With the improving capabilities of Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD) on predicting aerodynamic performance, these tools are now being increasingly used for aerodynamic design optimization in the aerospace industry. In this paper, an automated optimization framework is presented to address inviscid aerodynamic design problems. Key aspects of this framework include the use of the continuous adj...

A new formulation of energy minimising splines, based on Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) curves, is presented. The existing snake models do not facilitate the local control of their shapes without increasing the number of control points. The introduction of NURBS renders more flexibility into the snake model due to the weighting parameters that are made to adapt according to the curvature...

We use a combination of both symbolic and numerical techniques to construct several degree bounded G0 and G1 continuous, piecewise spline approximations of real implicit algebraic surfaces for both computer graphics and geometric modeling. These approximations are based upon an adaptive triangulation (a G0 planar approximation) of the real components of the algebraic surface, and include both s...

Displacement finite element models of various beam theories have been developed traditionally using conventional finite element basis functions (i.e., cubic Hermite, equi-spaced Lagrange interpolation functions, or spectral/hp Legendre functions). Various finite element models of beams differ from each other in the choice of the interpolation functions used for the transverse deflection w, tota...

2 Representing a Circle 3 2.1 Quarter of a Circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1.1 Degree 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1.2 Degree 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2 Half a Circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....