Antipsychotic drugs are believed to block central dopamine (DA) receptors, resulting in an accelerated turnover of DA and an accumulation of its metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) in the brain. The time course for HVA, however, might not be the same with different drugs (Fregnan and Porta 1981; Chang et al. 1987a) and in different brain regions (Matsumoto et al. 1983; Chang et al. 1987b) and ma...

An important regulator of both primary productivity and respiration is nutrient availability [e.g., Sanudo-Wilhelmy et al., 2001; Bonnet et al., 2008; Mills et al., 2008; Wambeke et al., 2008]. The concentration and ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron in the surface ocean varies predictably among different oceanic regions. For example, phosphate is often present at very low concentration in...

This study aims to investigate the existence of herding behaviour during COVID-19 crisis in Egyptian stock market by using firm-level data and employing different testing methodologies. The also investigates at level portfolios divided based on size value factors. used nonlinear model proposed Chang, Cheng Khorana (2000) state-space developed Hwang Salmon (2004) measure behaviour. found that Ch...

In recent years, electronic check (echeck) has been more and more popular on the electronic commerce application. For this reason, there were many scholars have proposed the security issues for related echeck. Chang et al. present their views on echeck to improve the past scheme. Chang et al.’s scheme achieves the security of system and provides mutual authentication between payer and payee. Ho...

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Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) was first described in 2005 (Chang & Campbell 2005; Parssinen 2005). The fullblown syndrome comprises a triad of: 1) billowing of the iris stroma in response to normal irrigation currents, 2) the floppy iris tends to prolapse through the phaco and the side port incisions, and 3) a progressive pupillary constriction during the surgical procedure. Althou...

The regenerative capacity of most tissues declines dramatically after embryonic development and during post-natal life. The underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon are incompletely understood. In a recent issue of Cell, Shyh-Chang and colleagues provide experimental evidence that Lin28 prolongs youthful regenerative capacity by increasing oxidative glucose metabolism (Shyh-Chang et al, 2013).

In recent years, there are many reversible data hiding scheme proposed. Most schemes are guaranteed that the original cover image can be reconstructed completely. When the secret data are hidden in the compression image, the receiver need to extract the secret data, reconstruct the original cover image, and compress the image to save the space. In 2006, Chang et al. [5] proposed a reversible da...

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