The effects of increased anthropogenic inputs of reactive nitrogen (N) have been studied at the Harvard Forest Chronic N Experiment, where NH4NO3 has been applied experimentally since 1988 to increase atmospheric deposition rates 6and 18-fold above ambient. This paper asks whether conditions favorable to primary production also resulted in plastic increases to flower, fruit, and seedling traits...

Acknowledgements: We thank John McMillan, David Laibson, Colin Camerer, and three anonymous referees for useful comments. We thank Mandar Oak and Rosa Stipanovic for research assistance. For financial support, Frederick and Loewenstein thank the Integrated Study of the Human Dimensions of Global Change at Carnegie Mellon University (NSF Grant SBR-9521914), and O’Donoghue thanks the National Sci...

Genetic admixture can provide material for populations to adapt to local environments, and this process has played a crucial role in the domestication of plants and animals. The model yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been domesticated multiple times for the production of wine, sake, beer, and bread, but the high rate of admixture between yeast lineages has so far been treated as a complicat...

Oak savanna is one of the most endangered ecosystems of North America, with less than 0.02% of its original area remaining. Here we test whether oak savanna supports a unique community of ectomycorrhizal fungi, a higher diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi or a greater proportional abundance of ascomycete fungi compared with adjacent areas where the absence of fire has resulted in oak savanna con...

1. Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 2. The Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville TN 37996 4. Materials Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, T...

objectives: almond (prunus amygdalus) hull and shell are agricultural by-products that are a source of phenolic compounds.the processing of almond produce shell and hull, accounts for more than 50% by dry weight of the almond fruits. recently, more studies have focused on the influence of storage conditions and postharvest handling on the nutritional quality of fruits, especially the antioxidan...

Zagros vegetation zone is one of the most important forest regions in Iran, which consists of a diverse group of arboreal species, especially oaks (Quercus spp.). Ilam province located in west of Iran and in Zagros vegetation zone which has 641000 ha of oak forests that its dominant species is Persian oak (Q. brantii). Oak trees decline is a complicated phenomenon that may result from different...

Bounding hull, such as convex hull, concave hull, alpha shapes etc. has vast applications in different areas especially in computational geometry. Alpha shape and concave hull are generalizations of convex hull. Unlike the convex hull, they construct non-convex enclosure on a set of points. In this paper, we introduce another generalization of convex hull, named alpha-concave hull, and compare ...

in order to study the effects of four concentrations (check, 5, 10 and 15%) of hull extracts on growth of 10 iranian rice cultivars, two experiments were conducted in completely randomized block design with factorial arrangement and three replications at two sites, laboratory and greenhouse. laboratory study showed that same rice hull extracts had stimulat effects and the others had inhibitory ...

Invasive, non-indigenous, phytophagous insects have caused widespread declines in several dominant tree species. The decline in dominant tree species may lead to cascading effects on other tree and microbial species and their interactions, affecting forest recovery following the decline. In the eastern USA, eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr) is declining because of infestation by the ...