the protection of fundamental human rights at the time of war or peace is an obligation that should be observed at anytime by the states and international organizations. after the second world war, the non-peaceful situations such as occupation and economic sanctions have occurred numerously, which in some cases lasted for more than a decade. unfortunately, the laws governing these situations a...

Using 1996 surveyed data of 1,023 employees in Shenzhen, China, this study estimated the effects of three forms of human capital on employee salary, namely formal education, on-the-job training provided by employers, and adult education pursued by employees. Using a hierarchical linear model, the analysis estimated employee monthly salary growth over a maximum of six years due to (a) such tempo...

ôbjective: depression among elderly in ïran has not been well studied. little is known about the true rates of depression, it correlates or how well it is treated. this research is part of a series examining health status of older people using the geriatric depression scale-15 (gds-15). methods: ône thousand and nine hundred seventy five (1975) older people living in razavi khorasan province we...

a r t i c l e i n f o We establish the effects of salaries on worker performance by exploiting a natural experiment in which some workers in a particular occupation (football referees) switch from short-term contracts to salaried contracts. Worker performance improves among those who move onto salaried contracts relative to those who do not. The finding is robust to the introduction of worker f...

Background: Academic failure of medical and medical sciences students is one of the major problems of higher education centers in many countries. This study aims to collect and compare relevant researches in this field in Iran. Methods: The appropriate keywords were searched in the national and international databases, and the findings were categorized into related and non-related articles a...