The homeostasis of endogeneous organic cations, such transported by rOCT1 (unpublished data). OCT1, as choline, monoamine neurotransmitters, nucleosides, OCT2 and OCT3 may also be inhibited by non-charged cationic drugs and cationic xenobiotics, is controlled compounds such as corticosteroids and by anions such by polyspecific cation transporters in small intestine, as probenecid or a-ketogluta...

PiggyBac (PB) transposition of reprogramming factors (Oct3/4 (O), Sox2 (S), Klf4 (K) and c-Myc) is a safe, nonviral method for generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, compared with retroviral methods, the reprogramming efficiency of the PB-mediated methods is relatively low. In this study, we describe a simple and efficient system for generating high-quality iPSCs by a singl...

The herbicide paraquat (PQ) has increasingly been reported in epidemiological studies to enhance the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, case-control studies report that individuals with genetic variants in the dopamine transporter (DAT, SLC6A) have a higher PD risk when exposed to PQ. However, it remains a topic of debate whether PQ can enter dopamine (DA) neurons through...

PURPOSE To determine the limits of the normal amount of interocular symmetry in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements obtained with third-generation time domain optical coherence tomography (OCT3). METHODS Both eyes of normal volunteers were scanned using the peripapillary standard and fast RNFL algorithms of OCT3. RESULTS A total of 108 volunteers were included in the ana...

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to examine fetal male germ cells for expression of proteins associated with differentiation and maturation and to compare them with morphologically defined subpopulations. METHODS Testes of 61 fetuses from week 12 of gestation to the newborn period were selected. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies to proteins associated with differe...

We previously reported the direct reprogramming of dental pulp cells to insulin-producing cells. Hence, the potential for transdifferentiation of dental pulp cells to cells of a developmentally unrelated lineage was verified. In the current study, we evaluated the multipotential plasticity of cells during the reprogramming process by examining the expression of the pluripotent stem cell markers...

Organic cation transporters (OCTs) are carrier-type permeases known to participate in general detoxification functions in peripheral tissues. Previous in vitro studies have suggested that OCTs ensure Uptake2, a low-affinity, corticosteroid-sensitive catecholamine removal system, which was characterized initially in sympathetically innervated tissues. Although the presence of both Uptake(2)-like...

The dysregulation of monoamine clearance in the central nervous system occurs in various neuropsychiatric disorders, and the role of polyspecific monoamine transporters in monoamine clearance is increasingly highlighted in recent studies. However, no study to date has properly characterized polyspecific monoamine transporters in the mouse brain. In the present study, we examined the kinetic pro...