All animals use olfactory information to perform tasks essential to their survival. Odors typically activate multiple olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) classes and are therefore represented by the patterns of active ORNs. How the patterns of active ORN classes are decoded to drive behavior is under intense investigation. In this study, using Drosophila as a model system, we investigate the logic ...

Alcohol abuse is the major cause of chronic inflammation of the pancreas (i.e., chronic pancreatitis). Although it has long been thought that alcoholic pancreatitis is a chronic disease from the outset, evidence is accumulating to indicate that chronic damage in the pancreas may result from repeated attacks of acute tissue inflammation and death (i.e., necroinflammation). Initially, research in...

Ethanol consumption has for a long time been associated with brain damage. Experimental studies and necropsy examinations of chronic alcoholics have shown a variety of structural and functional alterations in the neurons as well as in the glial cells. Such alterations are seen also in children with the alcoholic foetal syndrome. Ethanol is known to be a teratogen. Its abusage can result as dysf...

The fatty liver associated with alcoholism has been shown to be due not only to nutritional deficiencies (2) but also to direct effects of ethanol itself (3, 4). The origin of the fatty acids accumulating in the liver, however, remains the subject of much debate (4-7). Administration of a single large dose of ethanol to rats was found to result in the deposition in the liver of fatty acids simi...

Olfaction may play an important role in regulating bird behavior, and has been suggested to be involved in feather-pecking. We investigated possible differences in the body odors of red junglefowl females by using an automated olfactometer which assessed the ability of trained mice to discriminate between the odors of uropygial gland secretions (the main carrier of potential individual odors in...

Odors of biological relevance (e.g., predator odors, sex odors) are known to effectively influence basic survival needs of rodents such as anti-predatory defensiveness and mating behaviors. Research focused on the effects of these odors on rats' behavior mostly includes multi-trial paradigms where animals experience single odor exposures in subsequent, separated experimental sessions. In the pr...

We give a Haskell implementation of Filinski’s normalisation by evaluation algorithm for the computational lambda-calculus with sums. Taking advantage of extensions to the GHC compiler, our implementation represents object language types as Haskell types and ensures that type errors are detected statically. Following Filinski, the implementation is parameterised over a residualising monad. The ...

The study of natural olfaction can assist in developing more robust and sensitive artificial chemical sensing systems. Here we present the implementation on an indoor fully autonomous wheeled robot of two insect models for odor classification and localization based on moth behavior and the insect’s olfactory pathway. Using the biologically based signal encoding scheme of the Temporal Population...

The African termiteraiding ant Pachycondyla analis Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) organizes group raids on termites of the subfamily Macrotermitinae. Termites and ants occupy and share similar habitats, resulting in a co-evolutionary arms race between termites as prey and ants as predators. The present study explored whether P. analis uses semio- chemical signaling cues to detect potential...