Objectives: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the therapeutic use of play on improving the attention span of children with mild intellectual disability (MID) in elementary school. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest with a control group so that 30 girls with MID were selected from an exceptional school in Tehran City, Iran, via convenience sampling ...

context maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) and alpha fetal protein (afp) were originally introduced to detect trisomy 21 and neural tube defects. however, in the absence of aneuploidy or neural tube defects, mid-trimester maternal serum hcg and/or maternal serum afp associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. pregnancies with unexplained mid-trimester elevation in maternal serum ...

catecholamine is a group of neurotransmitters that is believed to be responsible for the normal function of animal brain. physiological and behavioral changes of human body have been reported due to the damage of the brain function following lead exposure. due to the assumption of lead disposal in brain tissue with two year for its half-life, which results in alteration of brain function, we in...

background: dialysis patients frequently have coronary artery disease but are regarded as high risk patients for coronary artery bypass grafting (cabg). methods: between february 2002 and september 2006, seventeen dialysis-dependent patients underwent isolated cabg at our center. cabg was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass (cpb) for all the patients. all cases had been maintained on hemodia...

background: it is not clear whether the latest activation sites in the left ventricle (lv) are matched with infracted regions in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (icm). we aimed to investigate whether the latest activation sites in the lv are in agreement with the region of akinesia in patients with icm.   methods: data were analyzed in 106 patients (age = 60.5 ± 12.1 y, male = 88.7%) with...

The primary purpose of the present study was to explore whether there was any significant relationship between attitude, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction of Iranian EFL teachers on the one hand, and their choice of teaching strategies. Strategies mostly used by participants of the study with low, mid, and high levels of self-efficacy comprised another purpose of the study. To this end, a que...

Gene identity by descent (IBD) is a fundamental concept that underlies genetically mediated similarities among relatives. Gene IBD is traced through ancestral meioses and is defined relative to founders of a pedigree, or to some time point or mutational origin in the coalescent of a set of extant genes in a population. The random process underlying changes in the patterns of IBD across the geno...

Existing research argues that the muscular male body ideal, often promoted in the media, is associated with male body dissatisfaction and increasingly problematic attempts to attain unrealistic body shape by young males. The present study sought to examine the influence of ‘‘lad magazines”, a highly popular media sector over the last decade, and also the role of dating, or relationship, status,...

We present a simple Monte Carlo method for estimating the age of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of a sample of DNA sequences. We show that Templeton's (1993) estimator of the age of the MRCA based on the maximum number of nucleotide differences between two sequences in a sample is inaccurate, and we demonstrate the new method by reanalyzing a sample of DNA sequences from human Y chromos...