The development of active immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires the identification of immunogens that can ensure a high titer antibody response toward Aβ, while minimizing the risks of adverse reactions. Multimeric protein (1-11)E2 induces a robust and persistent antibody response to Aβ in mice, when formulated in Freund's adjuvant. The goal of this translational study was to eval...

Three oil-adjuvant vaccines of Pasteurella multocida 6:B were evaluated with respect to the level and duration of the humoral immune response produced in buffalo calves. Preparation 1 was a water-in-oil emulsion containing Marcol 52, Montanide 888 and antigen at a ratio of 6:1:3. Preparation 2 was a double emulsion containing Marcol 52, Arlacel A and Tween 80 in addition to antigen. Preparation...

Emulsions have been used to boost immunogenicity of antigens since the discovery of complete Freunds adjuvant. Optimization to reduce reactogenicity of emulsion adjuvants lead to the development of oil in water emulsions based on squalene. MF59 is an oil-in-water emulsion that is a component of an approved influenza product in Europe. Currently MF59 is manufactured from squalene derived from an...

An effective protein-based vaccine for tuberculosis will require a safe and effective adjuvant. There are few adjuvants in approved human vaccines, including alum and the oil-in-water-based emulsions MF59 (Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics), AS03 and AS04 (GlaxoSmithKline Biologics), AF03 (Sanofi), and liposomes (Crucell). When used with pure, defined proteins, both alum and emulsion adjuvants ...

The present study investigated the feasibility of ostrich oil utilizing as a promising vehicle for improved skin permeation of sinomenine with reference to vaseline matrix containing different content of chemical enhancers. The fatty acid composition of ostrich oil was analyzed by GC-MS. Penetration enhancing potential of ostrich oil on permeation of sinomenine across rat abdominal skin in vitr...

BACKGROUND Mortality from epizootic pneumonia is hindering re-establishment of bighorn sheep populations in western North America. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, a primary agent of this disease, is frequently carried asymptomatically by the domestic sheep and goats that constitute the reservoir of this agent for transmission to bighorn sheep. Our long-term objective is to reduce the risk of M. ovipn...

A nanoemulsion (NE) is a surfactant-based, oil-in-water, nanoscale, high-energy emulsion with a mean droplet diameter of 400-600 nm. When mixed with antigen and applied nasally, a NE acts as a mucosal adjuvant and induces mucosal immune responses. One possible mechanism for the adjuvant effect of this material is that it augments antigen uptake and distribution to lymphoid tissues, where the im...

The intradermal injection of a suspension of heatkilled mycobacteria in oil (Freund's adjuvant) produces in the rat a generalized disease, adjuvant arthritis or adjuvant disease (Pearson and Wood, 1959). This can be transferred to syngeneic recipients with lymphoid cells from adjuvant-injected donors but not with serum (Waksman and Wennersten, 1963; Pearson and Wood, 1964a; Quagliata and Philli...

One intradermal injection of incomplete Freund's adjuvant-oil induces a T cell-mediated inflammatory joint disease in DA rats. Susceptibility genes for oil-induced arthritis (OIA) are located both within and outside the major histocompatibility complex (MHC, Oia1). We have searched for disease-linked non-MHC loci in an F2 intercross between DA rats and MHC-identical but arthritis-resistant LEW....

BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that species of the genus Hyptis, have promising antimicrobial and antifungal effects. OBJECTIVES Identify of chemical constituents of essential oil from leaves of Hyptis martiusii and evaluate its effect against bacterial strains by direct and gaseous contact. MATERIALS AND METHODS Essential oil was extracted from leaves of Hyptis martiusii Benth using...