and selective hydrogenation of liquid oils is practiced to change the physical proper~ies for solid fat products or to improve the stability of highly unsaturated oils during high temperature use. Hydrogenated ' vegetable oils are used in the formulation of shortenings, margarines, salad/cooking oils, and other foods. In the United States, the total consumption of visible and non-visible fat is...

The adulteration of extra virgin olive oil with cheaper oils is a major problem in the olive oil market. In the present work, experimental determinations of low cost vegetable oils content in extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) were performed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and Raman spectrometry. To this purpose, a set of pure oils and mixtures of extra-virgin oils and different v...

Page Introduction 1 Methods of extraction 2 Extraction by expression 2 Extraction by solution 2 Extraction with cold solid fats _-_ 3 Extraction with hot liquid fats --3 Extraction with volatile solvents 4 Extraction by steam distillation 6 Design and construction of volatile-oil stills 6 Operation of volatile-oil stills__ 12 Commercial production of volatile oils in the United States^ 15 Oils ...

Due to the relatively large availability and reduced price, the mineral transformer oils are widely used as electrical insulating liquids. However, mineral oil drastically degrades over time in service. New efforts were made to improve mineral oils characteristics, and other types of liquids like vegetal oils are proposed. This paper deals with new comparative tests on mineral and vegetal oils ...

Recently, thermoanalytic methods have frequently been used in the characterization of oils and fats. In this work, thermoanalytic and kinetic parameters of sunflower oils, with and without antioxidants, were evaluated using thermogravimetry / derivative thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The thermogravimetric profiles for the sunflower oils had similar characteristics, show...

The essential oils of the leaves and fine stems of Pilocarpus microphyllus, collected on iron mineralized soil of the Serra de Caraj s, Southeast of Par State, Brazil, during the rainy and dry seasons, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The main identified compounds were 2-tridecanone, beta-caryophyllene, 2-pentadecanone, caryophyllene oxide and germacrene D. Their perce...

The volatile constituents of the essential oils of the peel, flower (neroli) and leaves (petitgrain) of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) growing in Greece were studied by GC-MS. The analytical procedures enabled the quantitative determination of 31 components. More specifically, the components of the essential oils identified were: twelve in the peel, twenty-six in the flowers, and twenty an...

The rhizome of Atractylodes ovata De Candolle is rich in essential oils, which are usually removed by processing. In this study, anti-oxidative abilities of essential oils and aqueous extracts of A. ovata rhizome were explored, and the influence of processing on the anti-oxidative abilities was examined. Essential oils and aqueous extracts of A. ovata were extracted by boiling water and steam d...

Producing organic fish diets requires that the use of both fishmeal and fish oil (FO) be minimized and replaced by sustainable, organic sources. The purpose of the present study was to replace FO with organic oils and evaluate the effects on feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), daily specific growth rate (SGR) and nutrient digestibility in diets in which fishmeal protein was partly substit...

CONTEXT In Iran, conventional production methods of herbal oils are widely used by local practitioners. Administration of oils is rooted in traditional knowledge with a history of more than 3000 years. Scientific evaluation of these historical documents can be valuable for finding new potential use in current medicine. OBJECTIVE The current study (i) compiled an inventory of herbal oils used ...