Background and Objectives: Primary amenorrhea is not a disease but a symptom that may result from several quite different causes. Common hormonal cause of primary amenorrhea includes constitutional delay, hypothalamic –pituitary dysfunction, chronic systemic disease and absent ovarian function. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of the chromosomal abnormality referred for karyo...

BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea is one of long term side effects of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer which may interfere with their future reproductive function. Although amenorrhea is well recognized, the actual incidence following taxanes remains uncertain. METHODS In a cross sectional study, we identified breast cancer patients aged 45 years or younger who we...

AIM To estimate the influence of intensive training on menstrual cycles in female athletes. METHOD The questionnaire was used to determine the time of menarche, and the prevalence of primary and secondary amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea in 72 active female athletes from Zagreb (10 volleyball players, 18 basketball players, 10 ballet dancers, and 34 runners) aged between 15 and 21. The control gro...

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate the chromosomal abnormalities and to identify the most prevalent or frequent type of chromosomal abnormalities in cases of amenorrhea from the southern region of India. METHODS A total of 637 cases with amenorrhea were analyzed using G- banding, C-banding, Silver staining, and fluorescence in situ hybridization was done wherever neces...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW We present an update on amenorrhea in adolescent girls and young women. Amenorrhea may herald the onset of estrogen deficiency, which can adversely affect peak bone mass and ultimate risk of osteoporosis. RECENT FINDINGS Adolescence is a critical period for bone accretion. Important modifiable factors that optimize bone accretion during this time are calcium intake, vitamin ...

gestational choriocarcinoma usually occurs following an intrauterine pregnancy. we report a case of metastatic choriocarcinoma to the left kidney and lungs with long term intermittent amenorrhea and vaginal bleeding after a normal vaginal delivery. a 43 year old rural woman presented with three years intermittent amenorrhea and vaginal bleeding following normal vaginal delivery. she also compla...

background: female genital tuberculosis is an important cause of secondary amenorrhea and infertility in developing countries where tuberculosis is endemic. objectives: we present three cases in which endometrial tuberculosis was a cause of secondary amenorrhea and infertility.rnpatients and methods: in a retrospective study from january 2007 to june 2010, we conducted 1010 laparoscopies for in...

background: androgen insensitivity syndrome (ais) or testicular feminization is a partial or complete inability of cell response to androgen. the cause is enzymatic defect in synthesis of testosterone, resulting sexually immature phenotypically female, with primary amenorrhea. there are three categories of ais, complete, partial and mild, depending on the degree of external genital masculinizat...

Oligonucleotides homologous to 3'-telomere overhang (T-oligos) trigger inherent telomere-based DNA damage responses mediated by p53 and/or ATM and induce senescence or apoptosis in various cancerous cells. However, T-oligo has limited stability in vivo due to serum and intracellular nucleases. To develop T-oligo as an innovative, effective therapeutic drug and to understand its mechanism of act...

T-oligo, an 11-base oligonucleotide homologous to the 3'-telomeric overhang, is a novel, potent therapeutic modality in melanoma and multiple other tumor types. T-oligo is proposed to function in a manner similar to experimental disruption of the telomere overhang and induces DNA damage responses including apoptosis, differentiation and senescence. However, important components involved in T-ol...