conclusions the addition of ketamine to intravenous fentanyl plus acetaminophen pca had not extra effects in relieving post abdominal surgery pain. results there were no significant demographic differences between two groups. pain scores (at rest, while moving and coughing) during the first 48 hours were not significantly different between two groups (p values = 0.361, 0.367 and 0.204, respecti...

One of the most devastating complications to develop in the general surgical patient is an enterocutaneous fistula (ECF). Critically ill patients suffering trauma, thermal injury, infected necrotizing pancreatitis, and other acute intraabdominal pathology are at unique risk for this complication as well. By using decompressive laparotomy for abdominal compartment syndrome and leaving the abdome...

In this review we look into the historical development of open abdomen management. Its indication has spread in 70 years from intra-abdominal sepsis to damage control surgery and abdominal compartment syndrome. Different temporary abdominal closure techniques are essential to benefit the potential advantages of open abdomen management. Here, we discuss the different techniques and provide a new...