Objective: The Musa sapientum (banana) plant extract has shown antioxidant activity in previous studies. Oxidative stress is one of the important factors implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic activity of aqueous extract of M. sapientum stem (MSSE) in experimental models in mice. Material and Methods: Elevated Plus Maze method and...

Traumatic brain injury is one of the major causes of brain function impairments and surgery is involved in the treatment program of many cases although it cannot rescue the brain functions completely and is confined to reduce the second injury .in this study we aimed to investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in RADA1- GGS IKVAV, surgically injected into the lesion site. ...

This study investigated the effects of two selective serotonin2C (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT2C) receptor-acting compounds into the ventral hippocampus (VH) of rats exposed to the elevated plus-maze (EPM). In the first experiment, rats were exposed to the EPM 10 min following VH infusions of either vehicle or the selective 5-HT2C-receptor agonist RO-60-0175 (0.3, 1.0, 3.0 and 10.0μg). In addition...

After a 0.5-, 15-, or 30-min intertrial interval, first entries of a novel Y-maze arm that had changed in brightness, percent entries of the arm, and percent time spent in this arm during a 1-min period were recorded in 4-month-old hooded rats following 6 or 30 min of free exploration of both arms. From the results, it was concluded that maximal responsiveness to the changed (or novel) arm occu...

b-carboline alkaloids such as harmaline and nicotine are naturally present in the human food chain. plants which contain b-caroline have anxiety and hallucinogenic effects. in this study the change in like – anxiety behaviors was investigated after intra- amygdala injections of nicotine and harmaline and intra action of them in male rat. different doses of harmaline, nicotine and its compounds ...

OBJECTIVE Neuroimmune factors contribute on the pathogenesis of sickness behaviors. Nigella sativa (NS) has anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety and anti-depressive effects. In the present study, the effect of NS hydro-alcoholic extract on sickness behavior induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were divided into five groups (n=10 in each): (1) control...

Recently, selective and systemically active antagonists for the metabotropic glutamate 5 receptor (mGlu(5)) were discovered, and the most potent derivative was found to be MPEP (2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine). Given the high expression of mGlu(5) receptors in limbic forebrain regions, it was decided to evaluate the anxiolytic potential of MPEP. After an acute oral administration, MPEP atte...

INTRODUCTION The cholinergic nervous system and acetylcholine esterase are involved in chronic intoxication with organophosphorous insecticides. The present study aims to investigate the influence of the chronic toxicity of these chemicals on behaviors related to anxiety, using the elevated plus maze (EPM), in the male adult mouse. MATERIAL AND METHODS Either water or 1% concentration of mala...

The dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG) has been implicated in the behavioral and autonomic expression of defensive reactions. Several results suggest that, along with GABA, glutamate and serotonin, nitric oxide (NO) may play a role in defense reactions mediated by this region. To further investigate this possibility we microinjected methylene blue (MB; 10, 30 or 100 nmol/0.5 microl) into the DPA...