We report a patient with stiff-person syndrome and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody, who suddenly complained of diplopia due to dysthyroid ophthalmopathy. Therapeutic efficacy of plasmapheresis and high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin was transient. After starting administration of rituximab, the patient showed obvious improvement of muscl...

Exophthalmos makes up a clinical manifestation very frequent in Graves’ disease. European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy proposes intravenous glucocorticoids to treat severe, moderate-to-severe and active Graves’ orbitopathy as the first line treatment. The aim of our study is to report results obtained with patients treated for Graves’ ophthalmopathy with this protocol in real life. It is a desc...

BACKGROUND An association between radioiodine therapy (RAI) for Graves' disease (GD) and the development or worsening of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is widely quoted but there has been no systematic review of the evidence. AIMS We undertook a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess whether RAI for GD is associated with increased risk of ophthalmopathy compared with ...

AIM The risk factors and epidemiological data for Graves' ophthalmopathy with and without abnormal circulating thyroid levels were examined to determine the relation of thyroid dysfunction to ophthalmopathy. METHODS The authors retrospectively evaluated 482 patients seen with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Of these, 413 were classified as having abnormal levels of circulating thyroid hormone (ALTH) ...

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a thyroid hormone imbalance thatmanifests in the eye. The most common TAO Grave’s Disease. could increase theintraocular pressure and cause glaucoma optic neuropathy therefore secondaryglaucoma happen.

Copyright © 2009 Massachusetts Medical Society. A 40-year-old woman who recently received a diagnosis of Graves’ disease comes for a follow-up visit. She has been taking methimazole, at a dose of 10 mg daily, and is now euthyroid, but for the past 3 months, she has had bothersome eye symptoms, including redness, tearing, grittiness, photophobia, diplopia at the extremes of gaze, and ocular pain...

Optic neuropathy, an uncommon manifestation occurs in 5% of patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Its outcome is good if early and proper treatment given. We reported a 49 years old male patient of Graves' disease with bilateral optic neuropathy. He underwent bilateral transnasal endoscopic orbital decompression with marked improvement of visual acuity bilaterally. The preoperative visual acuit...

While most authors believe that autoimmunity against the TSH receptor expressed in the orbital connective tissue cells is the main reaction that leads to the development of ophthalmopathy in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism, an older hypothesis that deserves fresh consideration is based on the notion that thyroglobulin (Tg) in the thyroid gland passes in a retrograde fashion to the orbit w...

We report a patient with Graves' disease who remained persistently hyperthyroid after a total thyroidectomy and also developed de novo Graves' ophthalmopathy 5 months after surgery. She was subsequently found to have a mature cystic teratoma containing struma ovarii after undergoing a total hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy for an incidental ovarian lesion. LEARNING POINTS It is importan...