spatial distribution of electric field amplitude has an essential role in laser-induced damagemulti-layer coating. a new method introduced in this paper to reduce the electric field intensityeffectively within the high index layers in multi-layer reflectors that are irradiated by high power lasers.the design is based on specific non-quarter wave pairs, assuming the number of layers is held cons...

Ultrahigh-resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has been demonstrated to be capable of resolving doublets with mass difference of an electron. However, this resolving power can still be insufficient for positively identifying all of the overlapping species in petroleum and other fossil oils. To look into the ultimate resolving power required, we inve...

Results of the optimization of the axial response of RESUME : On prtsente des resultats de I’optimisation de la optical systems by filters of non-uniform transmission are prereponse des instruments optiques utilisant des filtres de transmissented in this paper. Optical systems with different ypes of sion non-uniforme. On considere des instruments optiques avec residual aberrations ar...

Analytical ultracentrifugation remains pre-eminent among the methods used to study the interactions of macromolecules under physiological conditions. Recent developments in analytical procedures allow the high resolving power of sedimentation velocity methods to be coupled to sedimentation equilibrium approaches and applied to both static and dynamic associations. Improvements in global modelin...

X-shooter, the first 2nd generation VLT instrument, is a new high-efficiency echelle spectrograph. X-shooter operates at the Cassegrain focus and covers an exceptionally wide spectral range from 300 to 2500 nm in a single exposure, with an intermediate spectral resolving power R~5000. The instrument consists of a central structure and three prism cross­ dispersed echelle spectrographs optimized...