It is well known that predators can induce morphological changes in some fish: individuals exposed to predation cues increase body depth and the length of spines. We hypothesize that these structures may evolve synergistically, as together, these traits will further enlarge the body dimensions of the fish that gape-limited predators must overcome. We therefore expect that the orientation of the...

A single target is hidden at a location chosen from a predetermined probability distribution. Then, a searcher must find a second probability distribution from which random search points are sampled such that the target is found in the minimum number of trials. Here it will be shown that if the searcher must get very close to the target to find it, then the best search distribution is proportio...

The location problem of interconnected facilities on the line with forbidden gaps is considered. The located facilities are connected among themselves and with gaps. Location in forbidden gaps is not allowed. It is need to minimize the total cost of connections between facilities and between facilities and gaps. It is known that the initial continuous problem is reduced to series discrete subpr...

In this paper, the Vector Based Swarm Optimization method is used for designing an optimal controller for the maximum power point tracker of a stand-alone PV System. The proposed algorithm is executed on vectors in a multi-dimension vector space. These vectors by appropriated orientation converge to a global optimum while the algorithm runs. The Remarkable point of the VBSO algorithm is how us...

The 2-dimensional Bin Packing problem is a generalization of the classical Bin Packing problems and is defined as follows: Given a collection of rectangles specified by their width and height, the goal is to pack these into minimum number of square bins of unit size. Recently, the problem was proved to be APX-hard even in the asymptotic case, i.e. when the optimum solutions requires a large num...

This paper presents and compares different avalanche breakdown voltage estimation methods in 4H-SiC (silicon carbide) using finite element simulation results on Schottky diode. 4H-SiC avalanche breakdown voltage and depletion width estimated with Baliga’s equations have shown to be higher than other estimation techniques and simulation results, especially for voltages higher than 5kV. This pape...

Consumers' Kansei needs reflect their perception about a product and always consist of a large number of adjectives. Reducing the dimension complexity of these needs to extract primary words not only enables the target product to be explicitly positioned, but also provides a convenient design basis for designers engaging in design work. Accordingly, this study employs a numerical design structu...

This paper deals with the statistical analysis of the behavior of a blind copyright protection watermarking system based on pseudorandom signals embedded in the magnitude of the Fourier transform of the host data. The data can be either one-dimensional (sound), two dimensional (image) or three dimensional (video, 3d volumes). The detector scheme does not depend on the host data dimension. The a...

This paper investigates of a kind of five-phase dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous motor (DRPMSM), which contains dual rotors and a single stator. This kind of motor has the potential advantages of high power density, high reliability and high efficiency, which make it more appropriate for using in electric vehicles (EVs). In order to evaluate the most suitable power level for this kind of...

let r be an associative ring with identity, c(r) be the category of com-plexes of r-modules and flat(c(r)) be the class of all at complexes of r-modules. we show that the at cotorsion theory (flat(c(r)); flat(c(r))−)have enough injectives in c(r). as an application, we prove that for each atcomplex f and each complex y of r-modules, exti (f,x)= 0, whenever ris n-perfect and i > n.