Purpose: We compared efficacy and side effects of ropinirole implants with oral ropinirole in parkinsonian monkeys. Methods: Twenty monkeys received injections of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-hydrochloride (MPTP) to render them parkinsonian. Monkeys were then placed into 3 groups based upon clinical rating scores (CRS). Group 1 received oral ropinirole and placebo implants. Grou...

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is common and underrecognized among elderly women. Osteoporotic fractures cause disability and disfigurement and threaten patients' mobility, independence, and survival. Care for incident fractures in this age group must go beyond orthopedic repair, to assessment and treatment of the underlying bone fragility. Fracture risk can be reduced by vitamin D and calcium sup...

Omadacycline, a first-in-class aminomethylcycline antibiotic, is related to tetracyclines but is structurally modified to circumvent mechanisms of resistance to tetracyclines. Omadacycline demonstrates potent activity against a broad range of pathogens, including drug-resistant strains, and is in late-stage development for treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and comm...

The leading treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis are the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, which are required long term for optimal benefit. Oral bisphosphonates have proven efficacy in postmenopausal osteoporosis in clinical trials, but in practice the therapeutic benefits are often compromised by patients' low adherence. Nonadherence to bisphosphonate therapy negatively impacts outco...

BACKGROUND Aripiprazole lauroxil is an extended-release prodrug of aripiprazole for intramuscular injection, approved for schizophrenia treatment. We developed a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model to characterize aripiprazole lauroxil PK and evaluate dosing scenarios likely to be encountered in clinical practice. METHODS Data from 616 patients with schizophrenia, collected from 5 clinic...

OBJECTIVES Systemic aciclovir and its prodrug valaciclovir are effective in treating and reducing recurrences of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) and reducing transmission. Local aciclovir delivery, if it can achieve and maintain comparable intracellular genital tract levels, may be equally effective in the treatment and suppression of genital HSV. Intravaginal ring (IVR) delivery of aciclovi...

BACKGROUND In the clinical trial setting, oral rizatriptan 10 mg has greater efficacy than other oral triptans in freedom from migraine headache pain 2 h after dosing. OBJECTIVE The study objective is to compare the effectiveness of rizatriptan 10 mg and other oral triptans for acute migraine attack in a naturalistic setting. METHODS A total of 673 patients took rizatriptan 10 mg or their u...

Blood ethanol concentrations after separate oral dosing and intravenous infusion of ethanol (0.15 g/kg) were measured in 16 control subjects and 13 subjects treated with ranitidine. All subjects underwent routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Peak blood ethanol concentrations, and area under the blood ethanol/time curve, were significantly higher in the ranitidine group after oral, but not ...

Most combination oral contraceptives contain ethinyl estradiol and a progestin. A new and novel oral contraceptive formulation combines estradiol valerate (E2V) with dienogest (DNG) in a four-phase dosing regimen. 17β-estradiol is a naturally-occurring estrogen, and a contraceptive pill containing such an estrogen offers potential benefits with regard to metabolic side effects and adverse event...

Daily rhythms in physiology may affect the pharmacokinetics of a drug. The aim of this study was to evaluate 24-hour variation in the pharmacokinetics of the CYP3A substrate midazolam. Oral (2 mg) and intravenous (1 mg) midazolam was administered at six timepoints throughout the 24-hour period in 12 healthy volunteers. Oral bioavailability (population mean value [RSE%] of 0.28 (7.1%)) showed 24...