Acute diarrhoea is a principal cause of morbidity and mortali ty among children in developing countries. The prompt and correct use of an o ral glucose elect roly te solution, developed and advocated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and UNICEF, has revolutionized the management of acute diarrhoea. Yet these solutions were widely underused in diarrhoeal episodes, partly due to the inabilit...

BACKGROUND Oral rehydration therapy is used to treat dehydration caused by diarrhoea. However the rehydration solution does not reduce stool loss or length of illness. A solution able to do this may lessen the use of ineffective diarrhoea treatments as well as improve morbidity and mortality related to diarrhoea. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the effects of rice-based ...

Eighty United States students in Mexico received either loperamide (an initial dose of 4 mg, followed by 2 mg after passage of each unformed stool, up to 8 mg/d; 40 patients) or loperamide (at the same dosage schedule) plus an oral rehydration therapy (ORT) preparation (500 mL initially, followed by 250 mL after each subsequently passed unformed stool, up to 1,000 mL per 24 hours; 40 patients)....

Sugar-based oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea is promoted in many countries of the world. One programme in Bangladesh has instructed more than 13 million mothers in the preparation of a sugar-salt solution in the home; despite very high rates of correct mixing and knowledge, subsequent application was found in only some 20% of all diarrhoea episodes. Since rice is far more available ...

56 children and 50 adults were studied to determine the effectiveness of an oral (or nasogastric) therapy with a glucose-electrolyte solution for treating cholera patients. The development of this inexpensive regimen is described. The therapy has the advantages of being cheap, not requiring sterile conditions, and having wide availability in endemic areas. The oral solution contained the fol...

Learning Objectives: Upon completion of the clerkship, the student should, for a patient of any size with normal renal function, be able to: 1. Write maintenance fluid orders. 2. Estimate deficits of volume, sodium and potassium and write orders for IV therapy of uncomplicated isonatremic dehydration. 3. Estimate deficits of volume, sodium and potassium and write IV therapy orders for patients ...

Cholera drove the sanitary revolution in the industrialized world in the 19th century and now is driving the development of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in the developing world. Despite the long history of cholera, only in the 1960s and 1970s was ORT fully developed. Scientists described this treatment after the discovery of the intact sodium-glucose intestinal cotransport in patients with ch...

Burn injuries are the fourth most common type of trauma worldwide, and the appropriate care of burn injuries in resource-limited settings such as the battlefield, underdeveloped nations, or in mass casualtiesremains a significant challenge. Rehydration constitutes the primary treatment of the systemic effects of burns and is a major factor in patient recovery. The standard of care for the reple...

Diarrhoea complicates over half of admissions to hospital with Background severe acute malnutrition (SAM). World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the management of dehydration recommend the use of oral rehydration with ReSoMal (an oral rehydration solution (ORS) for SAM), which has lower sodium (45mmols/l) and higher potassium (40mmols/l) content than old WHO ORS. The composition of ReS...

OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether diarrhoea management improved during 1986-2003, a period when significant efforts were made to promote effective case management in children. METHODS We analysed household data from 107 Demographic and Health Surveys in 40 low- and middle-income countries from 1986 to 2003 and assessed trends in indicators of rehydration, fluid quantity and food intake in childr...