In this study, two techniques for spatio-temporal (ST) kriging of soil water content are compared. The first technique, spatio-temporal ordinary kriging, is the simplest of the two, and uses only information about soil water content. The second technique, spatio-temporal kriging with external drift, uses also the relationship between soil water content and net-precipitation to aid the interpola...

Spatial interpolation methods have been applied to many disciplines, the ordinary kriging interpolation being one of the methods most frequently used. However, kriging comprises a computational cost that scales as the cube of the number of data points. Therefore, one most pressing problems in geostatistical simulations is that of developing methods that can reduce the computational time. Weight...

drought monitoring is a fundamental component of drought risk management. it is normally performed using various drought indices that are effectively continuous functions of rainfall and other hydrometeorological variables. in many instances, drought indices are used for monitoring purposes. geostatistical methods allow the interpolation of spatially referenced data and the prediction of values...

Spatio-temporal modelling is an area of increasing importance in which models and methods have often been developed to deal with specific applications. In this study, a spatio-temporal model was used to estimate daily rainfall data. Rainfall records from several weather stations, obtained from the Agritempo system for two climatic homogeneous zones, were used. Rainfall values obtained for two f...

Air pollution is a serious matter that must be addressed promptly and quickly. One of the most dangerous pollutants in air PM2.5. This pollutant particulates dust measuring 2.5 micrometers. PM2.5 can cause environmental health problems such as acute respiratory infections, lung cancer, cardiovascular premature death. occurs big cities capital city Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, which with highest leve...

18 Tea fields emit large amounts of nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere. Obtaining accurate 19 estimations of N2O emissions from tea-planted soils is challenging due to strong spatial 20 variability. We examined the spatial variability of N2O emissions from a red-soil tea field in 21 Hunan province, China, on 22 April 2012 (in a wet season) using 147 static mini chambers 22 approximately regu...

Four spatial estimation techniques available in commercial computational packages are evaluated and compared, namely: regularized splines interpolation, tension splines interpolation, inverse distance weighted interpolation, and ordinary Kriging estimation, in order to establish the best representation for the shallow stratigraphic configuration in the city of Aguascalientes, in Central Mexico....

Spatial information surveyed by photogrammetry, airborne LiDAR and Mobile Measurement System (MMS) above ground level can be analyzed by scientists using standard geostatistical methodologies such as ordinary Kriging and sequential Gaussian simulation to interpolate heterogeneities of profiles from sparse sample data. Proven effective by researchers, the Kriging algorithm model is used by comme...

Soil property mapping is commonly done in two dimensions, and variation by depth is ignored. The only way to consider the vertical variation is mapping in 3D. In this paper, we present a method based on polynomial depth functions. The objective is determining the effectiveness of a simple polynomial to predict cone-index data by depth over a field. In order to study the performances of the prop...