In this paper, we demonstrated an organic light emitting device (OLED) of low driving voltage, high current efficiency and long lifetime by using an n-type organic material as the electron transport layer (ETL). Such a layer is composed of a large alkali metal, i.e. Cesium (Cs), doped into the organic material. Cs atom is heavy and hard to diffuse into the emitting layer (EML) material that dec...

Particulate matter was measured during August and September of 2006 in Houston as part of the Texas Air Quality Study II Radical and Aerosol Measurement Project. Aerosol size and composition were determined using an Aerodyne quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer. Aerosol was dominated by sulfate (4.1 2.6 mg m 3) and organic material (5.5 4.0 mg m 3), with contributions of organic material from b...

While excitons are responsible for the many beneficial optical properties of organic semiconductors, their non-radiative recombination within the material can result in material degradation due to the dumping of energy onto localized molecular bonds. This presents a challenge in developing strategies to exploit the benefits of excitons without negatively impacting the device operational stabili...

The pH and buffer capacity of two soils increased or remained constant after incubation with different amounts of plant material (lucerne chaff) at field capacity and when air dry. For both soils, the pH changes were greater at field capacity, whereas the buffer capacities were independent of the water treatments. The pH changes observed could be explained in terms of the organic anion concentr...

Si, Xe and C NMR is used to investigate a porous material consisting of nano-sized ZnO particles coated by silane molecules. These materials are synthesized by a novel sol–gel procedure where the nanoscale ZnO particles are formed in the presence of the coating material 3-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (‘‘silane’’). The BET specific surface of the uncoated particles, synthesized by the sam...

Organic solar cells have narrow absorption windows, compared to the absorption band of inorganic semiconductors. A possible way to capture a wider band of the solar spectrum—and thus increasing the power conversion efficiency—is using more solar cells with different bandgaps in a row, i.e., a multi-junction solar cell. We calculate the ideal material characteristics (bandgap combinations and ab...