There are about 13 million people spread over the globe who can trace their origins back to the Indian subcontinent (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan). The term Indo-origin is used to describe them in this article. The official figure of 1.5 million Indo-origin people settled in the United Kingdom is certainly an underestimate which the 1991 census results may improve.' The majority are still first-...

BACKGROUND Indo-Asian immigrants are known to be at high risk of metabolic bone disease, but the prevalence of osteoporosis in this population is unknown. AIM To compare the bone mineral at the lumbar spine and femoral neck of Indo-Asian immigrant women with that of age-matched Caucasian women. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. METHODS Women of Indo-Asian origin referred for bone density sca...

1. The effect of amylin on gastric ulcers induced by oral administration of indomethacin (Indo, 20 mg kg-1 at a dosing volume of 5 ml) or ethanol 50% (EtOH, 1 ml/rat) was investigated in conscious rats. 2. Amylin given intracerebroventricularly (0.22, 0.66 and 2.2 micrograms/rat, i.c.v.) demonstrated a dose-dependent cytoprotective effect against both Indo and EtOH-induced ulcers. In contrast, ...

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase degrades the amino acid tryptophan which is essential for T cells. Tryptophan depletion causes T-cell cycle arrest and solid tumors that express high levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase can create immune suppression. Recently, blasts of patients with acute myeloid leukemia were shown to express indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. We determined INDO (encoding gene for indo...

We apply to the task of linguistic phylogenetic inference a successful cognate identification learning model based on PAM-like matrices. We train our system and we employ the learned parameters for measuring the lexical distance between languages. We estimate phylogenetic trees using distancebased methods on an Indo-European database. Our results reproduce correctly all the established major la...

There are about 13 million people spread over the globe who can trace their origins back to the Indian subcontinent (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan). The term Indo-origin is used to describe them in this article. The official figure of 1.5 million Indo-origin people settled in the United Kingdom is certainly an underestimate which the 1991 census results may improve.' The majority are still first-...

Population genetic structure using nine polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci was assessed for the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) at seven locations across the Indo-Pacific, and one location in the southern Atlantic. Genetic analyses revealed considerable genetic structuring (FST > 0.14, p < 0.001) between all Indo-Pacific locations and Brazil. By contrast, no significant genetic differences...

Abstract—The date of the root of the Indo-European language family received much attention due to the application of Bayesian phylogenetic methods since the beginning of the last decade. The inferred root date of the family moved along with the development of new methods and better data. In this paper, I compare two dating techniques known as node-dating and total evidence dating for the Indo-E...

Researchers interested in the history of the Indo-European family of languages have used a variety of methods to estimate the phylogeny of the family, and have obtained widely differing results. In this paper we explore the reconstructions of the Indo-European phylogeny obtained by using the major phylogeny estimation procedures on an existing database of 336 characters (including lexical, phon...

Sinhala is one of the official languages of Sri Lanka and is used by over 19 million people. It belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages and its origins date back to at least 2000 years. It has developed into its current form over a long period of time with influences from a wide variety of languages including Tamil, Portuguese and English. As for any other language, a Wo...