Retrospective analyses of Pacific Basin climate records highlight the existence of a pan-Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation. We find strong evidence for coherent patterns of interdecadal variability in Pacific winds, sea level pressures, and upper ocean temperatures. Collectively, the ocean-atmosphere pattern of variability has been labeled the “Pacific Decadal Oscillation”, or PDO. An in...

Monthly cross shore beach profiles measured at the Ogata Wave Observation pier located in Joetsu-Ogata Coast, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, was analyzed to investigate multi-scale morphodynamic beach behavior. The Ogata beach, facing the Sea of Japan, is subjected to high energy wave conditions that has a strong winter/summer seasonal signature. The measured beach profiles at the beach show very s...

Cape Trafalgar has been highlighted as a hotspot of high chlorophyll concentrations, as well as a source of biomass for the Alborán Sea. It is located in an unique geographical framework between the Gulf of Cádiz (GoC), which is dominated by long-term seasonal variability, and the Strait of Gibraltar, which is mainly governed by short-term tidal variability. Furthermore, here bathymetry plays a...

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is a widely used aerosol optical parameter in atmospheric physics. To obtain this parameter precisely, many institutions plan to launch satellites with multi-angle measurement sensors, but one important step in aerosol retrieval, the estimation of surface reflectance, is still a pressing issue. This paper presents an AOD retrieval method based on the multi-angle inte...

The capacity coefficient function is a well-established, modelbased measure comparing performance with multiple sources of information together to performance on each of those information sources in isolation. Because it is a function across time, it may contain a large amount of information about a participant. In many applications, this information has been ignored, either by using qualitativ...

Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis has been widely used in meteorology and oceanography to extract dominant modes of behavior in scalar and vector datasets. For analysis of two-dimensional vector fields, such as surface winds or currents, use of the complex EOF method has become widespread. In the present paper, this method is compared with a real-vector EOF method that apparently has...

We recount previous development of d-fold doubling of orthogonal polynomial sequences and give new results on rational function coefficients, recurrence formulas, continued fractions, Rodrigues’ type formulas, and differential equations, for the general case and, in particular, for the d-fold Hermite orthogonal rational functions.

We construct examples of H functions f on the unit disk such that the push-forward of Lebesgue measure on the circle is a radially symmetric measure μf in the plane, and we characterize which symmetric measures can occur in this way. Such functions have the property that { f n} is orthogonal in H2, and provide counterexamples to a conjecture of W. Rudin, independently disproved by Carl Sundberg...

A Dirichlet problem for orthogonal Hessians in two dimensions is explicitly solved, by characterizing all piecewise C functions u : Ω ⊂ R → R with orthogonal Hessian in terms of a property named “second order angle condition” as in (1).

A simple dynamical model is presented for the basic spatial and temporal structure of the large-scale modes of intraseasonal variability and associated variations in the zonal index. Such variability in the extratropical atmosphere is known to be represented by fairly well-defined patterns, and among the most prominent are the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and a more zonally symmetric patter...