The response of archaea to changes in external NaCl is reviewed and compared to what is known about osmoadaptation and osmoregulation in bacteria and eukaryotes. Cells placed in altered external NaCl exhibit short term and long term responses. The earliest events are likely to be water movement through aquaporin-like channels (efflux if external NaCl has been increased, influx into the cell if ...

chemical denaturation and thermal denaturation of13-lactoglobulin a (f3 — lga) in the absenceand presence of various concentrations sugar osmolytes and polyols were measured bymonitoring changes in the absorption coefficients at ph 2.0. it has been observed that agd°(h20), (gibbs free energy change in absence of denaturant at 25 °c) of f3-1ga in the presenceof 10% (w/v) trehalose, sucrose, sorb...

The taxonomy of green microalgae relies traditionally on morphological traits but has been rapidly changing since the advent molecular methods. Stichococcus Nägeli is a cosmopolitan terrestrial algal genus class Trebouxiophyceae that recently split into seven lineages, which, along with Pseudostichococcus, comprise Stichococcus-like group; there need to further characterize these genera, they ...

Two-component systems mediate bacterial signal transduction, employing a membrane sensor kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator (RR). Environmental sensing is typically coupled to gene regulation. Understanding how input stimuli activate kinase autophosphorylation remains obscure. The EnvZ/OmpR system regulates expression of outer membrane proteins in response to osmotic stress. To identif...

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) are a class of proteins that do not have a stable three-dimensional structure and can adopt a range of conformations playing various vital functional role. Alpha-synuclein is one such IDP which can aggregate into toxic protofibrils and has been associated largely with Parkinson's disease (PD) along with other neurodegenerative diseases. Osmolytes are smal...

Understanding the mechanism of protein fibrillization/aggregation and its prevention is the basis of development of therapeutic strategies for amyloidosis. An attempt has been made to understand the nature of interactions of osmolytes L-proline, 4-hydroxy-L-proline, sarcosine and trimethylamine N-oxide with the different stages of fibrillization of hen egg-white lysozyme by using a combination ...

Halophilic microbes living in hypersaline environments must counteract the detrimental effects of low water activity and salt interference. Some halophilic prokaryotes equilibrate their intracellular osmotic strength with the extracellular milieu by importing inorganic solutes, mainly potassium. These "salt-in" organisms characteristically have proteins that are highly enriched with acidic and ...