The article discusses advances in osmoregulation and excretion with emphasis on how multicellular animals in different osmotic environments regulate their milieu intérieur. Mechanisms of energy transformations in animal osmoregulation are dealt with in biophysical terms with respect to water and ion exchange across biological membranes and coupling of ion and water fluxes across epithelia. The ...

The grapsid crab Chasmagnathus granulata populates brackish-water lagoons and other estuarine environments. In its reproduction, this species follows a strategy of larval export, i.e. its larvae live under different salinity conditions from the juveniles and adults. In the present experimental investigation, ontogenetic changes in the capability for osmoregulation were studied in all 4 zoeal st...

BACKGROUND Understanding the genomic basis of osmoregulation (candidate genes and/or molecular mechanisms controlling the phenotype) addresses one of the fundamental questions in evolutionary ecology. Species distributions and adaptive radiations are thought to be controlled by environmental salinity levels, and efficient osmoregulatory (ionic balance) ability is the main mechanism to overcome ...

in order to study the role of the kidney in fish osmoregulation, freshwater acclimatized juvenile spottedscat (scatophagus argus l.) were subjected to four different salinities and observed for histomorphometricchanges of the kidney at 1, 2, 10 and 15 days post transfer time points. the overall morphological changesdisplayed by fish kidney included significant decrease in the density of collect...