Climate change and water availability in the Middle East are important in understanding human adaptive capacities in the face of long-term environmental changes. The key role of water availability for sedentary and nomad populations in these arid to semiarid landscapes is understood, but the millennium-scale influence of hydrologic instability on vegetation dynamics, human occupation, and histo...

Chios is an island of Greece in the Aegean Sea. The island, which connected to North region country, separated from Turkey by Strait Chios. It famous for mastic trees and gum obtained these trees. Shortly before death Suleiman Magnificent, joined Eyalet Archipelago (Eyālet-i Cezāyir-i Baḥr-i Sefīd Ottoman Turkish) Empire, was conquered Kapudan Pasha Piyale 1566. Due mountainous nature Chios, a ...

evliya chelebi (1611-1682), was an ethnically ottoman explorer who travelled through the territory of the ottoman empire and neighboring lands over a period of forty years, recording his commentary in a travelogue called the seyahatname. during his lifetime, evliya chelebi made three journeys to safavid iran: the first in 1646 to azerbaijan and caucasus, the second in 1647 which was a very shor...