An on-orbit flat-field monitoring program was initiated for the MAMA detectors with the goals of comparing the pre-launch flat-field characteristics with those observed on-orbit, measuring the stability of the FUVand NUV-flats, and creating updates to the reference flats. We found that the NUV-MAMA flat-field images at nominal (1024x1024) resolution are well corrected with pre-launch flats. Tha...

Existing photo-slit lamps are used at magnifications of X I to X 4. These magnifications provide satisfactory survey photographs to show the site of a lesion, but even at magnification X4 there is less detail resolved in the photograph than the observer can obtain for himself by inspection through the slit-lamp binocular. My aim therefore has been to produce a camera capable of recording any de...

background compact fluorescent lamp (cfl) is a developed fluorescent lamp type designed to saving energy. cfls can cause an increased health risk to humans due to the ultraviolet radiation. objectives the current study aimed to assess the ultraviolet radiation emitted from compact fluorescent lamps in highly used iranian brands. materials and methods this experimental study was conducted on 16 ...

Abstract Piezoelectric transformers are mainly commercialized for a LCD back light inverter module. With regard to laptop computers, the required output power for a piezoelectric transformer is around 5 W at present, and higher power will be needed for wider displays in the near future. In addition, modules such as AC-DC adaptors or fluorescent lamps may require a higher output power of more th...

The microbicidal UV fluence under polychromatic radiation from UV lamps is typically measured using the DNA absorbance spectrum as a weighting factor for the relative wavelength effectiveness. However, this DNA-based weighting does not necessarily match the spectral sensitivity of the microorganism being tested. Bacillus subtilis spores are often used for UV reactor validation in Europe, while ...

Spectral irradiance calibrations often require that irradiance standard lamps be oriented differently than the normal calibration orientation used at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and at other standards laboratories. For example, in solar measurements the instruments are generally upward viewing, requiring horizontal working standards for minimization of irradiance calibrat...

Low-pressure mercury UV (LP-UV) lamps have long been used for bacterial inactivation, but due to certain disadvantages, such as the possibility of mercury leakage, deep-UV-C light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) for disinfection have recently been of great interest as an alternative. Therefore, in this study, we examined the basic spectral properties of DUV-LEDs and the effects of UV-C irradiation f...

Fluorescent lamps were first introduced to the world in the 1939 World’s Fair. They are low-pressure mercury discharge lamps. Since then, the fluorescent lamps have been the mainly lighting source due to their merits of high color rendering, soft-visualization, long life, and energy-saving. Unfortunately, however, all gas discharge lamps cannot directly connect to a voltage source and require a...

Rear-end collisions and distraction are major concerns and basic research in cognitive psychology concerning attention in visual search is applicable to these problems. It is proposed that using yellow tail lamps will result in faster reaction times and fewer errors than current tail lamp coloring (red) in detecting brake lamps (red) in a "worst case" scenario where brake lamp onset, lamp inten...