It is shown, by explicit calculation, that the third-order terms in inverse string length in the spectrum of the effective string theories of Polchinski and Strominger are also the same as in Nambu-Goto theory, in addition to the universal Lüscher terms. While the Nambu-Goto theory is inconsistent outside the critical dimension, the PolchinskiStrominger theory is by construction consistent for ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The recent redefinition of transient ischemic attack (TIA) reclassifies patients with acute infarction on magnetic resonance imaging as ischemic stroke. Redefinition will improve the prognosis of both TIA and ischemic stroke, an epidemiological paradox known as the Will Rogers phenomenon. We sought to quantify the impact of this phenomenon. METHODS Incidence of TIA, ris...

The growing sophistication in radiation treatment strategies requires the utilization of increasingly accurate, but computationally intense, dose algorithms, such as the electron pencil-beam redefinition algorithm (PBRA). The sequential implementation of the PBRA is in production use at the MD Anderson Cancer center. The PBRA is difficult to parallelize because of the large amounts of data invo...

Distance Education has become widespread in the United States. Many have questioned the appropriateness of distance education when the research clearly demonstrates that most learners prefer to learn in traditional educational settings. Because of the availability of sophisticated telecommunications systems there has been a redefinition of distance education, and an attempt to use technology to...

The term “atypical parkinsonian syndrome” is traditionally used for several neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple system atrophy (MSA), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Their defining commonality consists in their akinetic-rigid extrapyramidal movement disorder. In contrast to idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD)...

In this paper an analytic approach to estimate the nonlinearity of radix-4 pipelined analog-to-digital converters due to the circuit non-idealities is presented. Output voltage of each stage is modeled as sum of the ideal output voltage and non-ideal output voltage (error voltage), in which non-ideal output voltage is created by capacitor mismatch, comparator offset, input offset, and finite ga...

Most of the existing literature about monadic programming focuses on theory but does not address issues of software engineering. Using monadic parsing as a running example, we demonstrate monadic programs written in a typical style, recognize how they violate abstraction boundaries, and recover clean abstraction crossings through monadic reflection. Once monadic reflection is made explicit, it ...

The minimum phase systems have ultimately been redefined for LTI discrete-time systems, at first SISO and later square MIMO ones, as those systems for which minimum variance control (MVC) is asymptotically stable, or in other words those systems who have ‘stable’ zeros, or at last as ‘stably invertible’ systems. The redefinition has soon been extended to nonsquare discrete-time LTI MIMO systems...

A taxonomic revision and the first phylogenetic hypothesis of Neotropical genus Ameromyia Banks (Myrmeleontidae: Brachynemurini) is herein presented. The phylogeny based on 45 morphological characters recovered traditional as paraphyletic in respect to monotypic Venezueleon Stange, which here synonymized under . Three species are ( A. hirsuta Navás stevensi nigriventris (Walker), pentheri strig...