Research on the international comparison of productivity has gained significant interest throughout several previous decades. Relatively little work has however been done in the real estate sector. This paper aims to develop a new productivity measurement framework for the international comparison of the real estate sector based on the newly-published OECD input-output database. Three multifact...

The fast and steady economic growth in China during the 1990s has attracted much international attention. Using the three most recent Chinese input-output tables, this paper investigates industry structure and inter-industry relationships and the relationship of both to economic growth. The input-output tables contain intermediate demand and final demand for six broad industries, namely, Agricu...

This paper is an endeavor to quantify the concept of sustainable transportation. The prevailing idea in the context of sustainable development (SD) emphasizes on the reduction of transportation demand in order to reduce the environmental and social consequences of it. Nevertheless, in the current paper using a measure for SD, and based on the conformity of the growths of all sectors with transp...

Economics depends on the economic scale of planning. Economists study the characteristics of the production function, while community operating management focuses on demand realization, so that loss of sales or inventory prevents cost reductions and maximizes profits. However, companies with a lack of capacity need to achieve economies of scale and demand to realize them simultaneously, especia...

as one of the most important products of iran, pistachio has a significant share in non-oil revenues. its annual foreign exchange earnings are over 800 million dollars. however, production of this nut in the country’s major production centers is faced with many problems regarding the efficiency and productivity of the inputs. this study was performed by using two-stage cluster sampling method. ...

Using urban household-level survey data from 1992 to 1998, we provide estimates of final demand for edible vegetable oils and animal fats in three regions of China based on the LinQuad incomplete demand system. For each region, the demand for the major “staple” oil is price inelastic. The demand for “condiment” or flavoring oils is more price responsive. All edible oils and fats have positive i...

eiarnination the oil market and review the major oil importer countries, is a major need for guidance and marketing strategy for crude oil exporting countries. so that estimating the oil demand for importer countries and analysis the effective factors on their oil demand, can be an important factor in planning and policy making for oil exporting countries in order to sell oil. so iran is not an...