Systems biology and omics has provided a comprehensive understanding about the dynamics of the genome, metabolome, transcriptome, and proteome under stress. In wheat, abiotic stresses trigger specific networks of pathways involved in redox and ionic homeostasis as well as osmotic balance. These networks are considerably more complicated than those in model plants, and therefore, counter models ...

Suitable theoretical formalisms are outlined for examining and predicting rate parameters for outer-sphere electron transfer in heterogeneous and homogeneous environments on a unified basis. They are utilized to calculate rate constants and activation parameters for 1 1 electrochemical and 45 homogeneous self-exchange and cross reactions involving transition-metal aquo, ammine, ethylenediamine,...

Redox-based energy scavenging devices are based on utilizing oxidation and reduction reactions to generate electricity. The driving forces for these come from many sustainable sources such as human fluids, waste heat, photon energy.

alcohol oxidation is an important reaction in organic syntheses. some of these reactions must beunder difficult conditions in respect of high temperature and pressure. in many cases, reactions areconducted by environmentally in appropriate solutions. in this study, preparing an effectivenanocatalyst and estimating the optimum provisions of its production processes are assessed. twomajor and cru...

Oxides (such as SiO₂, TiO₂, ZrO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, CeO₂) have often been used to prepare supported Pt catalysts for CO oxidation and other reactions, whereas metal phosphate-supported Pt catalysts for CO oxidation were rarely reported. Metal phosphates are a family of metal salts with high thermal stability and acid-base properties. Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO₄)₆(OH)₂, denoted as Ca-P-O here) also has...

2.1.8. Michael Reaction 2245 2.1.9. Others 2247 2.2. Cyclization Reactions 2248 2.2.1. Carbon Diels−Alder Reactions 2248 2.2.2. Aza-Diels−Alder Reactions 2252 2.2.3. Other Hetero-Diels−Alder Reactions 2255 2.2.4. Ionic Diels−Alder Reaction 2256 2.2.5. 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions 2256 2.2.6. Other Cycloaddition Reactions 2258 2.2.7. Prins-type Cyclization 2259 2.3. Friedel−Crafts Acylation and Al...

Pig heart L-lactate dehydrogenase isozyme 1 was purified by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition, specific activity, and pH optima with several substrates were determined. Catalysis of both the oxidation and the reduction of glyoxylate by this enzyme was studied. Reduction of glyoxylate to glycolate requires DPNH, and the rate is optimal at pH 6.9. Oxidatio...

Direct observation of the phase and morphological evolution copper nanoparticles during oxidation (O2) reduction (H2) reactions, as a function temperature, using in situ STEM under atmospheric pressure.