The energy supply for eukaryotic ciliary and flagellar movement is thought to be maintained by ATP-regenerating enzymes such as adenylate kinase, creatine kinase and arginine kinase. In this study, the energy-supplying system for the ciliary movement of Paramecium caudatum was examined. Arginine kinase and adenylate kinase activities were detected in the cilia. To demonstrate that phosphoargini...

Three groups of five rumen and duodenum cannulated fauna-free sheep were used in a 28 d experiment. One group remained fauna-free, whereas the second (EN) and third (PP) groups, respectively, were inoculated intraruminally with the protozoan species Entodinium caudatum and Polyplastron multivesiculatum. Rumen fluid, duodenal digesta and faecal samples were collected during the last 12 d. The fl...

The environment is rarely constant and organisms are exposed to spatial and temporal variation that will impact life-histories. It is important to understand how such variation affects the adaptation of organisms to their local environment. We compare the adaptation of populations of the ciliate Paramecium caudatum exposed to constant (23 °C or 35 °C) and temporally variable temperature environ...

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a staple food crop in Mali, has low yields for several reasons including that many farmers do not have the financial resources to purchase state-of-the-art genetics and fertilizers information is available on how optimize heirloom variety. To improve their economic environmental sustainability, Mali need understand invest limited resources. In situations t...

The kinetics of gravitaxis and gravikinesis in Paramecium caudatum were investigated by employing (1) step transitions from normal gravity (1 g) to weightlessness (microgravity) and (2) turns of the experimental chambers from the horizontal to the vertical position at 1 g. The transition to microgravity left existing cell orientations unchanged. Relaxation of negative gravitaxis under micrograv...