The Endometrial Cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy that starts in the endometrium of women. Carcinogenesis of EC is associated with several critical regulatory molecules, which involve in different signaling pathways. A number of signaling pathways have been identified to be involved in the multiple-step development of EC, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, WNT/β-cate...

introduction : pancreatic cancer has not been well studied, especially in developing countries. materials and methods : we studied the variations in genetic mutations in pancreatic adenocarcinoma between moroccan and egyptian populations. the molecular pathology of 30 tumors from a large hospital in casablanca, morocco were examined and compared with the findings of 44 tumors from the gharbiah ...

24 25 Immobilization causes skeletal muscle atrophy via complex signaling pathways that are not well 26 understood. To better understand these pathways, we investigated the roles of p53 and ATF4, two 27 transcription factors that mediate adaptations to a variety of cellular stresses. Using mouse models, we 28 demonstrate that three days of muscle immobilization induces muscle atrophy and increa...

Disruption of cerebellar granular neuronal precursor (GNP) maturation can result in defects in motor coordination and learning, or in medulloblastoma, the most common childhood brain tumor. The Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway is important for GNP proliferation; however, the factors regulating the extent and timing of GNP proliferation, as well as GNP differentiation and migration are poorly unders...

Inorganic arsenic is a major environmental contaminant associated with an increased risk of human skin cancer. Arsenic modulates cellular signaling pathways that affect diverse processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, including genotoxic damage. The p53 protein plays a central role in mediating stress and DNA damage responses, leading to either growth arrest or apop...

BACKGROUND The extracts from Artemisia annua Linné (AAE) has been known to possess various functions including anti-bacterial, anti-virus and anti-oxidant effects. However, the mechanism of those effects of AAE is not well known. Pursuantly, we determined the apoptotic effects of extract of AAE in HCT116 cell. In this study, we suggested that AAE may exert cancer cell apoptosis through PTEN/PDK...

The evasion of anti-growth signaling is an important characteristic of cancer cells. In order to continue to proliferate, cancer cells must somehow uncouple themselves from the many signals that exist to slow down cell growth. Here, we define the anti-growth signaling process, and review several important pathways involved in growth signaling: p53, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), retinob...

Rigosertib has demonstrated therapeutic activity for patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in clinical trials. However, the role of rigosertib in MDS has not been thoroughly characterized. In this study, we found out that rigosertib induced apoptosis, blocked the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and subsequently inhibited the proliferation of CD34+ cells from MDS, while it minimall...

chronic myeloid leukemia (cml) is a myeloproliferative disease of the hematopoietic stem cells, characterized by the presence of the philadelphia (ph) chromosome. although imatinib inhibits the bcr-abl kinase activity, clinical experiences confirm that imatinib may not target cml stem cells in vivo. the identification of signaling pathways responsible for the self-renewal properties of leukemic...