A central problem for the game theoretic analysis of voting is that voting games have very many Nash equilibria. In this paper, we consider a new refinement concept for voting games that combines two ideas that appear reasonable for voting games: First, trembling hand perfection (voters sometimes make mistakes when casting their vote) and second, coordination of voters with similar interests. W...

Abstract: nanocrystalline nickel samples with the grain size of ~25 nm were prepared via direct current electrodeposition andaluminized for different durations by pack cementation method at 500 means of SEM, EDS and XRD techniques. According to results, short time aluminizing resulted in the formation of asingle aluminide layer whereas at long duration two distinct aluminide layers were formed....

We propose a new approach to assigning distance between fuzzy numbers. A pseudo-metric on the set of fuzzy numbers and a metric on the set of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are described. The regular reducing functions and the Hausdorff metric are used to define the metric. Using this metric, we can approximate an arbitrary generalized left right fuzzy number with a trapezoidal one. Finally, powers ...

reflection seismic data consist of primary reflections, coherent and incoherent noises. one of the objectives of seismic data processing is to enhance the quality of the real signals by attenuating different kinds of noises. multiples constitute one of the most troublesome forms of coherent noises in exploration seismology. multiple reflections often destructively interfere with the desired pri...

It is generally agreed that of all quadrature formulae, the trapezoidal rule, while being the simplest, is also the least accurate. There is, however, a rather general class of integrals for which the trapezoidal rule can be shown to be a highly accurate means of obtaining numerical values. Specifically, if the integrand is a periodic, even function with all derivatives continuous, then the int...

Defuzzification is the process of converting a fuzzy quantity to precise quantity, just as fuzzification is the conversion of a precise quantity to a fuzzy quantity. Various types of defuzzification methods, are available for conversion of fuzzy to non-fuzzy. In this paper, defuzzification functions in intuitionistic fuzzy environment such as triangular, trapezoidal, L-trapezoidal, R-trapezoida...

P-normGeneralizedTrapezoidalIntuitionisticFuzzyNumberisthemostgeneralizedformofFuzzy aswellasIntuitionisticFuzzyNumber.Ithasahugeapplicationwhilesolvingvariousproblemsin impreciseenvironment.Inthispapertheauthorshavediscussedsomebasicarithmeticoperationsof p-normGeneralizedTrapezoidalIntuitionisticFuzzyNumbersusingtwodifferentmethods(extensio...

The fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm is a useful tool for clustering; but it is convenient only for crisp complete data. In this article, an enhancement of the algorithm is proposed which is suitable for clustering trapezoidal fuzzy data. A linear ranking function is used to define a distance for trapezoidal fuzzy data. Then, as an application, a method based on the proposed algorithm is pres...

a micro-channel heat exchanger reactor with different micro-baffle shapes has been studied numerically. governing equations were solved base on the finite volume method with fluent software. in upper section, oxidation reaction of methanol was occurred and in lower section, steam reforming of methanol was done. two sections were separated with solid part which played as heat exchanger and trans...

We propose a generalization of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers based on modal interval theory, which we name “modal interval trapezoidal fuzzy numbers”. In this generalization, we accept that the alpha cuts associated with a trapezoidal fuzzy number can be modal intervals, also allowing that two interval modalities can be associated with a trapezoidal fuzzy number. In this context, it is difficult to...