During the twentieth century, most developed countries have adopted extensive government-managed income support programs for low-income families and individuals. For example, the United Stated launched income support programs such as Social Security for the old, unemployment compensation for those who lose their jobs, and Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) for low-income families d...

I test for welfare-induced migration by comparing AFDC participation in border counties to interior counties in the same state. If migration costs are lower for border county residents, border counties on the high-benefit side of a state border should have higher welfare participation relative to the state's interior counties. Border counties on the low-benefit side should have lower welfare pa...

The genome projects have unearthed an enormous diversity of genes of unknown function that are still awaiting biological and biochemical characterization. These genes, as most others, can be grouped into families based on sequence similarity. The PFAM database currently contains over 2,200 such families, referred to as domains of unknown function (DUF). In a coordinated effort, the four large-s...

The authors explore how to define a welfare spell and how well surveys measure welfare spells. By comparing survey and administrative data from the Work Pays Demonstration Project in California on the receipt of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), they find that a substantial amount of administrative churning occurs in administrative data. Through a mixing model of several break len...

I n Part 1 of this article two definitions of economic discrimination were given, along with a variety of statistical tables that illustrated them. Societal economic discrimination was defined as the difference in (or ratio of) the average family income of minority and majority groups. lncome is the main component of econoinic well-being, and income tends to be positively correlated with other ...

GeMMA (Genome Modelling and Model Annotation) is a new approach to automatic functional subfamily classification within families and superfamilies of protein sequences. A major advantage of GeMMA is its ability to subclassify very large and diverse superfamilies with tens of thousands of members, without the need for an initial multiple sequence alignment. Its performance is shown to be compara...

On the surface, the protein universe seems dauntingly vast. Driven by the increasingly rapid accumulation of genomic sequences, the past few decades have yielded sequence data for several million gene products, leaving researchers struggling to keep up. Of the 10,000 protein families listed in the latest release from PFAM (http://pfam.sanger.ac.uk/), an online database that groups proteins base...

We extend a combinatorial encoding of families of pairwise disjoint convex sets in the plane recently introduced by J. E. Goodman and R. Pollack to the case of families not in general position. This encoding generalizes allowable sequences, which encode finite planar point sets. Further we prove several results on realizability questions, and discuss a number of different combinatorial properti...