The objective of this paper is to provide an analysis of particulate metal emissions in the USA. The analysis will identify natural and industrial sources, environmental standards, emission trends, and controls of particulate emissions. Since the majority of airborne metal emissions originate from metal industries and electric utility facilities, environmental and worker assessments of exposure...

INTRODUCTION Tobacco advertising is widespread in urban areas with racial/ethnic minority and low-income households that participate in nutrition assistance programs. Tobacco sales and advertising are linked to smoking behavior, which may complicate matters for low-income families struggling with disparate health risks relating to nutrition and chronic disease. We investigated the relationship ...

OBJECTIVES The retail environment provides important opportunities for tobacco industry communication with current, former, and potential smokers. This study documented the extent of tobacco promotions at the retail point-of-sale and examined associations between the extent of tobacco promotions and relevant city and store characteristics. METHODS In each of 20 Ontario cities, 24 establishmen...

OBJECTIVES To assess the possibility of bias due to the limited target list and geographic sampling of the World Health Organization (WHO)/Health Action International (HAI) Medicine Prices and Availability survey used in more than 70 rapid sample surveys since 2001. METHODS A survey was conducted in Peru in 2005 using an expanded sample of medicine outlets, including remote areas. Comprehensi...

Current approaches to retail productivity measurement have long been controversial because of difficulties in identifying the level of retail services. Data Envelopment Analysis, an operations research-based performance evaluation methodology, is introduced as one solution for resolving this problem and assessing managerially useful measure of storelevel retail productivity. Data Envelopment An...

Guest editorial Preface This special issue of the International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research (IJAGR) is devoted to the long-standing applied field of retail geography. The five papers in this special issue address three areas of retail geography: namely, the identification of retail structure, the tracking of retail change and the development of retail location decision support tools....

In 1999 the Food Industry Management Program at Cornell conducted a study of produce buyers and shippers which was sponsored by the Produce Marketing Association in Newark, Delaware. Although the study was conducted for the produce industry, it can serve as a demonstration of how retail buyers' operating practices are impacting our agricultural producers and middlemen. Two findings in the repor...

In the context of retailing, the monitoring of consumer behaviours is particularly important for supporting vendors in their management and marketing decisions. Many studies have been carried out about various aspects and consequences of different behaviours. However, only recently the potential of computing systems is being used for automated data collection and processing. In this work, we pr...

On December 14, 2001, the Payment Cards Center of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia held a workshop exploring retail credit risk modeling practices and evolving techniques. The workshop was led by Paul Calem, a senior economist at the Board of Governors, Division of Research and Statistics. Calem is currently involved in the Board's efforts supporting reforms to the international Basel C...