Molecular and particulate contamination within laser systems represent two of the largest risks associated with laser systems. Optical design typically minimizes the risk due to strictly optical intensity damage related issues. However, the presence of contamination in the laser system can negate the designed in safety margins, resulting in optical damage under conditions where it would not nor...

An investigation was undertaken in relation to the contamination of a facility used for the servicing and refurbishment of gaseous tritium light devices. While it is generally accepted that there is minimal exposure hazard from a broken gaseous tritium light source after the tritium gas has dispersed, environmental tritium contamination displaying ‘particulate’ like characteristics was observed...

Abstract Euclid is a space-based optical/near-infrared survey mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) to investigate nature dark energy, matter and gravity by observing geometry Universe formation structures over cosmological timescales. It will operate at L2 it about 36% sky on 6 year mission, all with high image quality stability. To allow such scientific achievements, an integrated cleanl...

It is now accepted that the physical forces in ultrasonic cleaning are due to strongly pulsating bubbles driven by the sound field. Here we have a detailed look at bubble induced cleaning flow by analyzing the transport of an individual particle near an expanding and collapsing bubble. The induced particulate transport is compared with a force balance model. We find two important properties of ...

Levels of nitrate reductase activity (EC 1.9.6.1.) as high as 11 mumoles nitrite produced/hour gram fresh weight were found in barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Compana) roots grown under low oxygen conditions. Roots of plants given identical treatment under sterile conditions did not develop the high levels of nitrate reductase activity. The results suggest that the buildup of particulate, reduced v...

Synaptosomes from sheep brain cortex were incubated with carrier-free Na235SO4 and the synaptic plasma membranes were isolated. The membranes were free of contamination from cytosol, mitochondria and microsomal material and accounted for 30% of the radioactivity present in the synaptosomal particulate fraction. Control experiments demonstrated that the radioactivity present in the preparation w...

Barium ferrite thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy have been prepared on heated (001) sapphire substrates by laser ablation deposition in an oxygen atmosphere using a KrF excimer laser. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal highly oriented films of the magnetoplumbite phase with a c-axis angular spread of 1.8”. Scanning electron micrographs reveal that these films are polycrystalline ...