Twin and family studies have shown that most traits are at least moderately heritable. But what are the implications of finding genetic influence for the design of intervention and prevention programs? For complex traits, heritability does not mean immutability, and research has shown that genetic influences can change with age, context, and in response to behavioral and drug interventions. The...

there are many agreements for transferring technology, but license agreement is the most important agreement in this regard. according to the mentioned agreement, the owner of patent or technology as licensor grants the license to licensee in specific duration and in a given territory. exclusive rights of licensor and the objectives of competition law, including the welfare of consumers or prev...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa background: this randomized clinical trial compared rates of stroke or transient ischemic attack recurrence or death in patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale (pfo) who received medical treatment with aspirin or warfarin. materials and methods: forty-four iranian patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale participat...

Purpose The number of patents in China has grown rapidly recent years. purpose this paper is to investigate how impact economic development China. Design/methodology/approach This developed an empirical model by using panel data 42 China's patent-intensive industries the contribution made Chinese manufacturing industries. Findings found that intensity valid strongly positively related growth. y...

Recent examples of patent litigation show the evidence of firms strategic patent use. Thus forecasting patent litigation becomes a greater priority. Patent citations have been prevalent in its usage in analyzing business environment as diverse patent indicators or a tool to predict patent litigation. However, most previous research has considered only direct patent citations. In order to overco...

Disclaimer The University of Gloucestershire has obtained warranties from all depositors as to their title in the material deposited and as to their right to deposit such material. The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited...

The U.S patent system has been under attack for about a decade. One of the main justifications for changing the patent system has centered on the issue of patent quality. According to patent critics, patents are bad or low quality, justifying major changes to the patent examination and review system. I argue that patent quality is a proxy for attacking patent validity, which has a complex histo...